Abstract： Objective To investigate the efficacy of mind-regulating intelligence-enhancing moxibustion in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI)and its impact on brain white matter(WM)using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)technology.Methods Forty aMCI patients recruited from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University and nearby communities from April 2018 to January 2019 were randomly divided into a real moxibustion group and a sham moxibustion group,with 20 patients in each group.Patients in both groups underwent the rivermead behavioral memory test(RBMT),mini-mental state examination(MMSE),and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)before and after treatment to evaluate the overall cognitive function and memory domain function.Head DTI examination was performed to observe the impact of moxibustion treatment on white matter.Results Compared with the pre-treatment in each group,both the real moxibustion group and sham moxibustion group showed significant increases in MoCA,MMSE,and RBMT scores after intervention(t=6.171,3.093,5.605,2.798,8.018,3.656,P<0.05 for all).Compared with the sham moxibustion group,the RBMT,MMSE,and MoCA score differences in the real moxibustion group are significantly higher(Z=-3.497,-2.536,-3.888,P<0.05 for all).Additionally,compared with the sham moxibustion group,fractional anisotropy(FA)values of the real moxibustion group exhibited significant increases in fiber bundles mainly located in areas such as right anterior corona radiata,anterior forceps of corpus callosum,right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus,right uncinate fasciculus,and right superior longitudinal fasciculus(P<0.05 for all);no fiber bundles with significantly decreased FA values were observed.Conclusions Mind-regulating intelligence-enhancing moxibustion might effectively improve the memory function in patients with aMCI.Moreover,DTI can be utilized to evaluate changes in WM network structure of aMCI patients after moxibustion therapy.