Abstract： Objective To determine the differences in the volatile compounds of Atractylodes macrocephala from different regions,and to provide reference for the region traceability processing,and quality evaluation of Atractylodes macrocephala.Methods Headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),coupled with hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA),principal component analysis(PCA),and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)were used to analyze the differences in volatile compounds in 11 batches of Atractylodis macrocephala from different regions.Results Totally 30 volatile compounds were identified,17 of which were shared compounds,accounting for more than 88.31％of the total volatile compound content.There were significant differences in the content of 8 volatile compounds in Atractylodes macrocephala from different regions(VIP＞1,P＜0.05),4 of which contained quality volatile compounds.The characteristic quality volatile compounds of Atractyylodes macrocephala from Zhejiang and Hebei included atractylenol,that from Hunan was curzerene,α-eudesmol,and germacrene B,and that from Anhui and Chongqing was α-eudesmol.Conclusion The volatile compounds of Atractyylodes macrocephala from different regions can be used for region tracing,processing and quality evaluation.