Abstract: Objective To explore the changes of retinal vessel diameter of rhesus monkeys with endotoxin-induced excess heat syndrome.Methods In this study,we established an experimental pyrexia macaque model by intramuscularly injecting endotoxin.After successful modeling,Oxymap was used to capture fundus images of the macaques,and subse-quent analysis focused on assessing retinal artery and vein diameters.An independent samples t-test was employed to ana-lyze the variations in diameter between the experimental and control groups.Results The experimental group exhibited a significant decrease in the diameter of both venous and nasal arteries compared to the control group(P<0.05).However,varying degrees of reduction were observed in the diameter of the superior temporal artery and inferior temporal artery(P>0.05).Conclusion In the state of endotoxic fever,rhesus monkeys exhibit varying degrees of constriction in their reti-nal arteries and veins,suggesting the potential utility of retinal vessel diameter as a quantitative indicator for syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine.