目的 探讨柴金解郁安神片调控钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(CaMKII)和Cofilin双信号通路,改善抑郁症海马谷氨酸能神经元突触重塑的分子机制.方法 皮质酮联合脂多糖建立抑郁症体外细胞模型,实验设正常组、模型组、GR阻断剂组、GR激动剂组、CX3CR1阻断剂组、CX3CR1激动剂组、柴金解郁安神片组、柴金解郁安神片联合GR激动剂组、柴金解郁安神片联合CX3CR1激动剂组,观察星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞、前扣带皮层(anterior cingulate cortex,ACC)和海马神经元形态结构变化;检测ACC和海马谷氨酸能神经元激活及突触重塑情况;免疫荧光、Western blot分别检测海马谷氨酸能神经元内突触重塑相关谷氨酸受体2A(GRIN2A)、GRIN2B、CaMKII、MK2、Cofilin 蛋白表达水平.结果 柴金解郁安神片能明显改善胶质细胞、ACC和海马神经元损伤,并抑制ACC和海马谷氨酸能神经元异常激活,同时下调 GRIN2A、GRIN2B、MK2 蛋白,上调 CaMKII、Cofilin蛋白,继而改善海马谷氨酸能神经元突触可塑性损伤和突触重塑.结论 柴金解郁安神片能有效改善抑郁症海马谷氨酸能神经元突触重塑,其分子机制与调节突触重塑相关NR/CaMKII、MK2/Cofilin 信号通路有关.

目的:通过体内外实验探讨阿尔茨海默病关键发病分子β-淀粉样蛋白42寡聚体(Aβ42Os)作用下离子型谷氨酸受体N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)亚基(NR2A、NR2B和NR1)和代谢型谷氨酸受体5(mGluR5)在突触内外的表达分布变化.方法:(1)用不同浓度的Aβ42Os处理乳小鼠原代神经元,Western blot和免疫荧光染色检测原代神经元中mGluR5和NMDAR的表达和分布情况.(2)在C57BL/6小鼠侧脑室立体定位注射不同浓度的Aβ42Os,Western blot检测海马组织中mGluR5和NMDAR在突触内外的蛋白水平,以及mGluR5下游磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(PKB/AKT)信号通路相关蛋白、钙信号下游通路相关蛋白和突触相关蛋白的表达.结果:(1)高浓度Aβ42Os处理原代小鼠神经元增加mGluR5表达(P<0.01),减少NR2A、NR2B和NR1表达(P<0.01);引起mGluR5膜表面聚集,而使NR2A、NR2B和NR1膜表面表达分布减少.(2)高浓度Aβ42Os引起小鼠海马组织中突触mGluR5表达增加(P<0.01),NR2A(P<0.05)和NR2B(P<0.01)表达减少,突触外NR2B表达增加(P<0.01);抑制PI3K表达及AKT和细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)磷酸化,过度激活钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶IIα(CaMKIIα);引起突触后致密蛋白95、亲棘蛋白(spinophilin)、突触小泡蛋白(synaptophysin)和微管相关蛋白2表达减少(P<0.01).结论:(1)高浓度Aβ42Os引起神经元突触mGluR5过度聚集,NR2A、NR2B和NR1表达减少,而突触外NR2B表达增加.(2)高浓度Aβ42Os抑制PI3K/AKT和ERK信号通路,过度激活CaMKIIα通路,损伤突触结构.

Accumulating evidence indicates that inhalation anesthetics induce or increase the risk of cognitive impairment. GLYX-13 (rapastinel) acts on the glycine site of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and has been shown to enhance hippocampus-dependent learning and memory function. However, the mechanisms by which GLYX-13 affects learning and memory function are still unclear. In this study, we investigated these mechanisms in a mouse model of long-term anesthesia exposure. Mice were intravenously administered 1 mg/kg GLYX-13 at 2 hours before isoflurane exposure (1.5% for 6 hours). Cognitive function was assessed using the contextual fear conditioning test and the novel object recognition test. The mRNA expression and phosphorylated protein levels of NMDAR pathway components, N-meth-yl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B(NR2B)-Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB), in the hippocampus were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot assay. Pretreat-ment with GLYX-13 ameliorated isoflurane exposure-induced cognitive impairment and restored NR2B, CaMKII and CREB mRNA and phosphorylated protein levels. Intracerebroventricular injection of KN93, a selective CaMKII inhibitor, significantly diminished the effect of GLYX-13 on cognitive function and NR2B, CaMKII and CREB levels in the hippocampus. Taken together, our findings suggest that GLYX-13 pretreatment alleviates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by protecting against perturbation of the NR2B/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Therefore, GLYX-13 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of anesthesia-induced cogni-tive dysfunction. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Drum Tower Hospital afliated to the Medical College of Nanjing University, China (approval No. 20171102) on November 20, 2017.

目的 探讨反式桂皮醛(Trans-cinnamaldehyde,TCA)对早老素1/2条件性双基因敲除(Presenilin1/2 conditional double knockout,PS cDKO)阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)样小鼠的神经保护作用及其机制.方法 通过基因鉴定确定小鼠的基因型,将9月龄的PS cDKO小鼠和其同窝野生型对照小鼠随机分为4组:野生型组(wildtype,WT)、野生型+TCA组(WT+TCA)、模型组(PS cDKO,cDKO)和模型+TCA组(cDKO+TCA),每组15只.WT+TCA和cDKO+TCA组的小鼠给予含有TCA(240 ppm)的饲料治疗,WT和cDKO组的小鼠给予普通饲料,共治疗90天,后30天进行行为学测试,测试结束后取材进行分子生物学检测.其中,旷场实验观察TCA对PS cDKO小鼠运动能力的影响;新异物体识别实验观察TCA对PS cDKO小鼠辨识记忆的影响;Y迷宫实验观察TCA对PS cDKO小鼠空间记忆的影响;Western Blot检测TCA对PS cDKO小鼠前额皮质中突触蛋白表达的影响;qRT-PCR检测TCA对PS cDKO小鼠前额皮质中促炎症因子白介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)的mRNA水平的影响;ELISA检测TCA对PS cDKO小鼠前额皮层中IL-1β含量的影响.结果 TCA对PS cDKO小鼠的运动能力没有影响,可以改善其受损的短时辨识记忆(P<0.05)和空间记忆(P<0.001).另外,TCA上调PS cDKO小鼠前额皮质中N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR)的亚基NR1(P<0.05)和钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱalpha(Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinasesⅡalpha,αCaMKII)的磷酸化水平(P<0.01)的表达,下调IL-1β的mRNA水平(P<0.001)和减少IL-1β的产生(P<0.05).结论 TCA可能通过抑制前额皮质促炎症因子IL-1β和上调突触蛋白的表达发挥对PS cDKO小鼠的神经保护作用.