Background::There are an increasing number of patients with oral sensory complaints (OSCs) presenting to our dental clinic. For most dentists, it is difficult to distinguish burning mouth syndrome (BMS) from other oral mucosal diseases that may cause symptoms such as burning mouth. It is beneficial to effectively distinguish OSC patients to reduce misdiagnosis and eliminate burning symptoms as much as possible.Methods::Patients with oral burning sensations in the oral mucosal disease clinic were collected from the Peking University Hospital of Stomatology between September 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018. After excluding oral candidiasis, anemic stomatitis, dental material allergy, and other diseases from patients with oral sensory complaints, basic conditions such as gender, age, education level, job status, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, history of brain abnormalities, history of cervical spondylitis, history of thyroid disease, history of thyroid disease and insomnia were obtained. The BMS patients were compared with the control group. The t test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis to compare the clinical symptoms of these diseases and explore the risk factors for BMS. Results::In this case-control study, 395 patients (321 females and 74 males, mean age 55.26 ± 10.51 years) with oral sensory complaints and 391 healthy controls (281 females and 110 males, mean age 47.11 ± 13.10 years) were enrolled, among which, 8.4% (33/395) had oral candidiasis, 1.3% (5/395) had dental material allergy, 0.8% (3/395) had anemic stomatitis and 0.5% (2/395) had lichen planus. A total of 352 patients were eventually diagnosed with BMS. Anxiety and depression were more severe in BMS patients, as were the incidences of sleep disorders and brain abnormalities. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR]= 2.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61-4.83, P < 0.001), total cholesterol level (OR= 2.92, 95% CI: 1.32-6.50, P = 0.009) and anxiety score (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.01-2.77, P = 0.017) significantly increased the incidence of BMS. Patients with hyperglycemia (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.23-0.89, P = 0.022), low body mass index (BMI: OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34-0.93, P = 0.026) and low education level (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.91-6.15, P < 0.001) were more likely to suffer from BMS. Conclusions::Oral candidiasis, anemic stomatitis, and dental material allergy with burning symptoms should be excluded from patients with BMS. It is recommended to conduct a questionnaire survey (including anxiety and depression), blood cell analysis, and salivary fungus culture for all patients with an oral burning sensation. It is necessary to conduct a patch test on patients with oral burning sensations and metal restorations.

口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)是一种常见的慢性炎症性口腔黏膜疾病，与机体的免疫缺陷密切相关。曲安奈德因其抗炎、抗过敏和免疫抑制的功能，被认为是治疗OLP的首选药物，但长期应用曲安奈德会产生多种不良反应，且停药后易出现反跳现象，这极大地限制了OLP的临床治疗。本文就曲安奈德治疗口腔扁平苔藓的不良反应及其应对策略作一综述，以期为临床治疗OLP提供参考。

Introduction::Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis is a rare form of cutaneous tuberculosis and occurs commonly on the lower extremeties (hand, thighs and buttock). It is often missed as other cutaneous verrucosa dieases and the pathogens of cutaneous tuberculosis is difficult to find.Case presentation::A 54 Chinese male presented with 9-year history of asymptomatic verrucous lesions on bilateral buttocks. Lesions presented a well-defined plaque, verrucous lesion and yellow pus discharge on buttocks. The skin biopsy showed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the epidermis and dermal granulomatous inflammation composed of epithelioid histiocytes and mixed inflammatory cells. The tuberculin test and the polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were negative, but T-spot test were positive. the treatment of antituberculosis showed favourable effect. Finally, the diagnosis of tuberculosis verrucosa cuti was made. Discussion::Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis is easily confused with other verrucous diseases, such as verrucous porokeratosis, discoid lupus erythematosus hypertrophicus lichen planus, chromoblastomycosis. Diagnostic therapy is usually recommended for most of these diagnoses.Conclusion::A diagnosis of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis should be taken correctly based on the combination of clinical manifestions, histopathological characteristics, laboratory findings and diagnostic therapy. It is vital for dermatologists to be aware of verrucous lesions since a delay in diagnosis can lead to aggravate the disease, abuse of glucocorticoids.

自身免疫性表皮下大疱病主要包括大疱性类天疱疮、黏膜类天疱疮、瘢痕性类天疱疮、妊娠类天疱疮、扁平苔藓类天疱疮、线状IgA大疱性皮病、获得性大疱性表皮松解症、抗p200/层黏连蛋白γ1类天疱疮及疱疹样皮炎，不同的疾病靶抗原和致病性自身抗体存在差异，临床表现有相似之处也有明显不同，诊断与鉴别诊断有赖临床、病理、免疫病理检查及血清抗体检测等。为规范此类疾病的临床诊疗，中华医学会皮肤性病学分会和中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会组织本领域专家，依据近年国内外临床研究数据和指南共识，制订本共识。

Objective::Vulvar lichen planus (VLP), especially erosive VLP (EVLP), seriously affects women’s physiological function and quality of life. A retrospective analysis of erosive vulvar lichen planus (EVLP) was performed to raise awareness on this chronic, deforming, and painful vulvar disease.Methods::This observational retrospective study involved 40 patients with EVLP among 1,368 patients with vulvar disease from 2017 to 2020. The patients’ vulvar clinical features and extravulvar mucosal involvement were investigated. The patients’ pain and quality of life were evaluated with the numeric rating scale and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), respectively. Clinical characteristics were reported using frequencies and proportions for categorical variables. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The association between NRS score for pain and DLQI score was analyzed by Pearson’s correlation test.Results::EVLP accounted for 2.9% (40/1,368) of all cases of vulvar disease, and the median age at onset was 42 years. Erosion mostly occurred on the labia minora and introitus. Half (20/40) of the patients had extravulvar mucosal involvement. Seventeen (42.5%) patients had oral lichen planus, and seven (17.5%) patients were diagnosed with vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome. The numeric rating scale score showed that 47.5% (19/40) of patients experienced mild pain, whereas 12.5% (5/40) described the pain as severe. Thirty-one patients (77.5%, 31/40) had dyspareunia, and nine patients had aggravated pain after sexual intercourse. The mean DLQI score was 9.1 ± 6.0, with 37.5% (15/40) of patients indicating that EVLP had severely affected their lives. The numeric rating scale score for pain was significantly correlated with the DLQI score ( P = 0.007). Conclusion::EVLP can affect the quality of women’s lives and cause severe deformations and painful architectural changes. The description of the characteristics of EVLP in this report will benefit the diagnosis and early treatment of this disease.

口腔扁平苔藓（oral lichen planus，OLP）是一种常见的口腔黏膜慢性炎性疾病，其诊断标准是临床诊治和科学研究的基石，但目前对诊断标准的认识并不统一，特别是国际的诊断标准如何与我国具体国情结合，应用于临床，指导我国的临床工作和科学研究，这些问题亟待解决。本文对国际上OLP诊断标准的发展、内容特点、差异度等进行系统介绍和讨论，并结合切身临床和研究经验以及我国临床医师的具体实际，提出OLP诊断中活检适应证选择的"23原则"，并对其他与OLP诊断相关的热点问题提出建议。

Purpose::Different arch structures may cause different foot function injuries. In the past, the arch structure and flexibility of the foot were often defined by the height of the arch, and there was no three-dimensional (3D) structure classification method. In order to form a more complete 3D description, we propose a new classification system of arch volume flexibility (AVF), and then use this new classification system to investigate the relationship between the AVF and arch index (AI), and the arch height flexibility (AHF) and AI, respectively.Methods::It is proposed to recruit 180 young male adults for the test. We obtained arch volume and AI through 3D scanning and obtained the navicular height through manual measurement. Based on these data, we calculated the AHF and the AVF. Using the quintile method, these arches are divided into very stiff, stiff, neutral, flexible, and very flexible. According to AI value, all arches were divided into cavus, rectus, and planus. The distribution of AVF was compared using χ 2 goodness of fit test. The spearman correlation test was used to compare the AHF and AVF. A p < 0.05 indicates that the difference is statistically significant. Results::All participants' plantar data was obtained through 3D scanning, but only 159 of them were complete, so only 318 feet had valid data. The left AHF is (21.23 ± 12.91) mm/kN, and the right AHF is (21.71 ± 12.69) mm/kN. The AVF of the left foot arch is (207.35 ± 118.28) mm 3/kg, while the right one is (203.00 ± 117.92) mm 3/kg, and the total AVF of the arch was (205.17 ± 117.94) mm 3/kg. There was no statistical difference in the AVF between the left and right feet for the same participant ( n = 159, p = 0.654). In cavus, the percentage of arch with AVF is 21.4% (very stiff), 21.4% (stiff), 14.3% (neutral), 7.1% (flexible), and 35.7% (very flexible). In rectus, the percentage of arch with AVF is 23.9% (very stiff), 19.6% (stiff), 14.7% (neutral), 24.5% (flexible), and 17.2% (very flexible). In planus, the percentage of arch with AVF is 14.9% (very stiff), 20.6% (stiff), 27.0% (neutral), 16.3% (flexible), and 21.3% (very flexible). Moreover, the correlation between AHF and AVF is not significant ( p = 0.060). Conclusion::In cavus, rectus, and planus, different AVF accounts different percentage, but the difference is not statistically significant. AVF is evenly distributed in the arches of the feet at different heights. We further found the relationship between AHF and AVF is not significant. As a 3D index, AVF may be able to describe the flexibility of the arch more comprehensively than AHF.

前额纤维性秃发是一种原发性淋巴细胞性瘢痕性秃发，因组织病理学改变与毛发扁平苔藓相似，通常被认为是毛发扁平苔藓的一种亚型。该病病因尚不明确，随着对该病研究的深入，近年来国内外报道的病例数量逐年增多。本文综述前额纤维性秃发发病机制、临床病理特征、治疗等方面的研究进展。

本文中报道1例双相情感障碍患者服用碳酸锂出现散发皮疹伴瘙痒，并确诊为色素性扁平苔藓，停用碳酸锂后皮疹好转；包括碳酸锂在内的多种情感稳定剂均有可能导致皮疹的不良反应，但国内外鲜有色素性扁平苔藓的报道，希望通过对本案例的报道能引起临床医生的注意。

More evidences show that microRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmune diseases including Lichen planus, and are an attractive therapeutic target. MicroRNA family plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression, which involves cell proliferation, apoptosis, growth, differentiation and metabolism, vascularization, immune response and other biological processes. The changes of expression profile and expression level are closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as tumor, inflammatory disease and autoimmune disease relevant. However, there are few reports on microRNA in the pathogenesis of LP. This review summarizes the research advance of microRNAs (microRNAs -137, microRNAs -125b, microRNAs -138, microRNAs-27b, microRNAs -203) and their downstream proteins in LP.