Objective Microcystin-leucine-arginine(MC-LR)exposure induces lipid metabolism disorders in the liver.Secreted frizzled-related protein 5(SFRP5)is a natural antagonist of winglesstype MMTV integration site family,member 5A(Wnt5a)and an anti-inflammatory adipocytokine.In this study,we aimed to investigate whether MC-LR can induce lipid metabolism disorders in hepatocytes and whether SFRP5,which has anti-inflammatory effects,can alleviate the effects of hepatic lipid metabolism by inhibiting the Wnt5a/Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)pathway.Methods We exposed mice to MC-LR in vivo to induce liver lipid metabolism disorders.Subsequently,mouse hepatocytes that overexpressed SFRP5 or did not express SFRP5 were exposed to MC-LR,and the effects of SFRP5 overexpression on inflammation and Wnt5a/JNK activation by MC-LR were observed.Results MC-LR exposure induced liver lipid metabolism disorders in mice and significantly decreased SFRP5 mRNA and protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner.SFRP5 overexpression in AML12 cells suppressed MC-LR-induced inflammation.Overexpression of SFRP5 also inhibited Wnt5a and phosphorylation of JNK.Conclusion MC-LR can induce lipid metabolism disorders in mice,and SFRP5 can attenuate lipid metabolism disorders in the mouse liver by inhibiting Wnt5a/JNK signaling.

Objective Air pollution is a leading public health issue.This study investigated the effect of air quality and pollutants on pulmonary function and inflammation in patients with asthma in Shanghai.Methods The study monitored 27 asthma outpatients for a year,collecting data on weather,patient self-management[daily asthma diary,peak expiratory flow(PEF)monitoring,medication usage],spirometry and serum markers.To explore the potential mechanisms of any effects,asthmatic mice induced by ovalbumin(OVA)were exposed to PM2.5.Results Statistical and correlational analyses revealed that air pollutants have both acute and chronic effects on asthma.Acute exposure showed a correlation between PEF and levels of ozone(O3)and nitrogen dioxide(NO2).Chronic exposure indicated that interleukin-5(IL-5)and interleukin-13(IL-13)levels correlated with PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations.In asthmatic mouse models,exposure to PM2.5 increased cytokine levels and worsened lung function.Additionally,PM2.5 exposure inhibited cell proliferation by blocking the NF-κB and ERK phosphorylation pathways.Conclusion Ambient air pollutants exacerbate asthma by worsening lung function and enhancing Th2-mediated inflammation.Specifically,PM2.5 significantly contributes to these adverse effects.Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which PM2.5 impacts asthma.

放化疗后普遍出现的口腔黏膜炎(oral mucositis,OM)是头颈癌患者治疗过程中出现的最常见的不良反应之一,表现为口腔黏膜充血、水肿以及溃疡等,其引发的疼痛会严重影响患者的生活质量,干扰治疗进程.放化疗所致OM的发病机制复杂,涉及多种炎症因子及多条信号通路,而有关其疼痛的电生理机制的研究相对较少.黏膜损伤处的急性疼痛和炎症环境下的持续性疼痛,导致离子通道重构,产生中枢及外周的敏化.本研究从离子通道角度对OM的致痛机制进行探讨,通过类比其他炎性疼痛的研究结果,重点关注瞬时受体电位通道、钠通道和钾通道在OM及其他疾病所致疼痛中的变化,推测OM致痛可能的电生理机制.离子通道作为重要的药物靶点,针对性的开放剂和拮抗剂可有效缓解疼痛,结合目前放化疗所致OM主要治的疗方式,以期为OM疼痛管理提供新的思路.

溴结构域蛋白 4(bromodomain-containing protein 4,BRD4)是溴结构域和超末端结构域家族的成员,在调节基因转录、细胞增殖、凋亡和炎症方面发挥着重要作用.BRD4 与各种疾病密切相关,包括癌症、神经系统疾病和病毒感染.虽然 BRD4 在癌症研究领域引起了广泛的关注,但是关于它在骨相关疾病中的影响,包括骨关节炎、椎间盘退变、骨质疏松和骨肿瘤等方面的研究还很有限.最近的研究表明 BRD4 参与骨相关疾病的发病机制,突出其重要作用.因此,笔者综述了近年来 BRD4 及其抑制剂在骨相关疾病中的研究进展.通过阐述 BRD4 的结构和功能以及 BRD4 及其抑制剂在骨相关疾病中的作用,提示BRD4 可能是治疗骨相关疾病的潜在靶点.

Objective:This study aimed to establish a neural cell injury model in vitro by stimulating PC12 cells with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and to examine the effects of astragaloside Ⅳ on key targets using high-throughput sequence technology and bioinformatics analyses.Methods:PC12 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were treated with LPS at final concentrations of 0.25,0.5,0.75,1,and 1.25 mg/mL for 24 h.Cell morphology was evaluated,and cell survival rates were calculated.A neurocyte inflammatory model was established with LPS treatment,which reached a 50％cell survival rate.PC12 cells were treated with 0.01,0.1,1,10,or 100 μmol/L astragaloside Ⅳ for 24 h.The concentration of astragaloside Ⅳ that did not affect the cell survival rate was selected as the treatment group for subsequent experiments.NOS activity was detected by colorimetry;the expression levels of ERCC2,XRCC4,XRCC2,TNF-α,IL-1β,TLR4,NOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.The differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the groups were screened using a second-generation sequence(fold change＞2,P＜0.05)with the following KEGG enrichment analysis,RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of DEGs related to the IL-17 pathway in different groups of PC12 cells.Results:The viability of PC12 cells was not altered by treatment with 0.01,0.1,or 1 μmol/L astragaloside Ⅳ for 24 h(P＞0.05).However,after treatment with 0.5,0.75,1,or 1.25 mg/mL LPS for 24 h,the viability steadily decreased(P＜0.01).The mRNA and protein expression levels of ERCC2,XRCC4,XRCC2,TNF-α,IL-1β,TLR4,NOS,and COX-2 were significantly increased after PC12 cells were treated with 1 mg/mL LPS for 24 h(P＜0.01);however,these changes were reversed when PC12 cells were pretreated with 0.01,0.1,or 1 μmol/L astragaloside Ⅳ in PC12 cells and then treated with 1 mg/mL LPS for 24 h(P＜0.05).Second-generation sequencing revealed that 1026 genes were upregulated,while 1287 genes were downregulated.The DEGs were associated with autophagy,TNF-α,interleukin-17,MAPK,P53,Toll-like receptor,and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways.Furthermore,PC12 cells treated with a 1 mg/mL LPS for 24 h exhibited increased mRNA and protein expression of CCL2,CCL11,CCL7,MMP3,and MMP10,which arc associated with the IL-17 pathway.RT-qPCR and Western blotting analyses confirmed that the DEGs listed above corresponded to the sequence assay results.Conclusion:LPS can damage PC12 cells and cause inflammatory reactions in nerve cells and DNA damage.astragaloside Ⅳ plays an anti-inflammatory and DNA damage protective role and inhibits the IL-17 signaling pathway to exert a neuroprotective effect in vitro.

Objective:Inflammation is involved in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR)has emerged as a marker for various inflammation-related diseases.The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the MHR and NAFLD in a population with childhood obesity.Methods:Based on hepatic ultrasound,a total of 504 children with obesity(357 with NAFLD and 147 without NAFLD)were included in the study.The correlation between the MHR and NAFLD risk factors was assessed by Pearson's and Spearman's analyses.Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between the MHR and the risk of NAFLD.Results:The MHR in patients with NAFLD was significantly greater than that in patients without NAFLD[0.52(0.44-0.67)versus 0.44(0.34-0.57),P＜0.001].Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the MHR[odds ratio(OR):1.033,95％confidence interval(CI):1.015-1.051;P＜0.001]was an independent predictor of NAFLD in childhood obesity patients,as were age(OR:1.205,95％CI:1.059-1.371;P=0.005],waist circumference[OR:1.037,95％CI:1.008-1.067;P=0.012],and alanine transaminase[OR:1.067,95％CI:1.045-1.089;P＜0.001].Additionally,MHR quartiles showed a significant positive association with the incidence of NAFLD after adjusting for potential confounding factors.Conclusion:The present study showed that the MHR may serve as an available and useful indicator of NAFLD in individuals with childhood obesity.

颞下颌关节骨关节炎（temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis，TMJOA）是颞下颌关节紊乱病中的一类退行性病变。TMJOA的发病机制复杂。其中，过度机械应力发挥了重要作用，可引起一系列病理变化，包括滑膜炎症、软骨细胞外基质降解、血管生成、骨软骨界面硬化、软骨下骨重塑、关节盘退变，以及软骨细胞的死亡及成骨、成脂分化等。TMJOA的发病过程涉及多种信号通路和表观遗传的调控，可能成为TMJOA的潜在治疗靶点。本文对近年TMJOA病变机制的研究进展作一综述，以期为寻找TMJOA新的治疗靶点提供依据。

先天性胆管囊肿这一胆管畸形病变会导致胆管系统长期处于炎症状态，因此患者并发胆管结石、囊肿癌变的风险较高。外科手术是治愈先天性胆管囊肿的唯一治疗手段，其治疗要点是尽可能彻底切除囊肿病灶以及彻底实现"胆胰分流"。非规范化的外科手术治疗会给患者带来胆肠吻合口狭窄、残余胆管囊肿甚至囊肿癌变等难以处理的术后并发症，严重影响患者生活质量，威胁患者生命。笔者团队基于东方肝胆外科医院的先天性胆管囊肿大样本回顾性研究结果，围绕先天性胆管囊肿的病理解剖学特点，提出一种新的分型系统，将胆管囊肿分为"三类五型"，即肝外胆管囊肿肝门型、主干型、末端型；中央型胆管囊肿；肝内胆管囊肿局限型、弥漫型，以期能够更为精确地指导外科治疗方案的设计和实施，并降低术后远期并发症风险。

目的:探讨BeEAM/C(苯达莫司汀＋依托泊苷＋阿糖胞苷＋美法仑/环磷酰胺)预处理方案在自体造血干细胞移植(atuo-HSCT)治疗外周T细胞淋巴瘤(PTCL)患者中的疗效与安全性。方法:选择2021年7月至2023年1月天津医科大学肿瘤医院淋巴瘤内科收治并进行BeEAM/C方案预处理auto-HSCT的30例PTCL患者为研究对象，纳入BeEAM/C组。选择2018年7月至2021年6月于本院接受GBM/C(吉西他滨＋白消安＋美法仑/环磷酰胺)方案预处理auto-HSCT的30例PTCL患者作为历史对照，纳入GBM/C组。BeEAM/C组与GBM/C组患者年龄分别为(43.2±10.3)岁和(38.6±11.8)岁；男性患者分别为19和17例，女性患者分别为11和13例。采用回顾性研究方法，收集2组患者相关临床资料，比较2组患者的造血重建、预后及不良反应发生情况，对2组患者的随访截至2023年4月30日。2组患者年龄、性别构成比等一般临床资料分别比较，差异均无统计学意义(均 P>0.05)。根据本研究定量资料的分布，2组比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验或成组 t检验；定性资料比较采用 χ2检验。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制2组患者的总体生存(OS)和无进展生存(PFS)曲线，2组比较采用log-rank法。本研究遵循的程序符合天津医科大学肿瘤医院人体试验委员会制定的标准，经过该伦理委员会批准(批准文号：2018LH-KS-025)，并与所有受试者签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果:①本研究BeEAM/C组和GBM/C组患者的骨髓受累、病理分型、疾病分期、既往治疗线数、移植前疗效、国际预后指数(IPI)评分构成比分别比较，差异均无统计学意义(均 P>0.05)。② BeEAM/C组和GBM/C组患者回输的单核细胞(MNC)中位数(4.80×10 8/kg比5.23×10 8/kg)、CD34 ＋细胞中位数(2.09×10 6/kg比1.85×10 6/kg)、中性粒细胞植入中位时间(13 d比12 d)、血小板植入中位时间(15 d比15 d)分别比较，差异均无统计学意义( U＝379.00、 P＝0.294， U＝394.50、 P＝0.412， U＝388.00、 P＝0.353， U＝－439.50、 P＝0.876)。③截至2023年4月30日，对BeEAM/C组患者中位随访时间为12.5个月(10.3，16.0个月)，随访期间4例患者疾病进展(PD)，1例死亡；对GBM/C组的中位随访时间为31.5个月(20.8，35.0个月)，随访期间8例患者PD，2例死亡。BeEAM/C组和GBM/C组患者的1年PFS率分别为84.3%和90.0%，1年OS率分别为96.6%和93.2%，2组分别比较，差异均无统计学意义( χ2＝0.29、 P＝0.589， χ2＝0.20、 P＝0.656)。④ BeEAM/C组和GBM/C组患者的Ⅳ级中性粒细胞减少及血小板减少发生率均为100.0%(30/30)；2组患者Ⅲ～Ⅳ级贫血发生率比较，差异无统计学意义[56.7%(17/30)比63.3%(19/30)， χ2＝0.28， P＝0.598]。GBM/C组患者黏膜炎、胃肠道不良反应发生率，均高于BeEAM/C组，并且差异均有统计学意义[73.3%(22/30)比46.6%(14/30)， χ2＝4.44， P＝0.035；93.4%(28/30)比70.0%(21/30)， χ2＝5.46， P＝0.020]。 结论:对于接受auto-HSCT的PTCL患者，采取BeEAM/C预处理方案与GBM/C预处理方案的短期预后疗效相当，但前者所致黏膜炎及胃肠道不良反应风险下降，安全性相对更高。

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一种长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码RNA，在多种生物学过程中起着传递信号、发挥向导、诱饵和支架等功能。大量研究证明，lncRNA可调控参与脂肪形成的一些关键因子，从而正向或负向调控白色和棕色脂肪的形成。它与腰围、腰臀比、空腹胰岛素和体重指数等相关，还参与炎性反应、肝脂肪变性及纤维化等过程。LncRNA可作为一种肥胖及相关代谢性疾病相关的新型生物标志物或治疗靶点，具有潜在且巨大的临床价值。