[目的]了解上海市臭虫侵害及处置现状,为臭虫的科学、综合防控提供依据.[方法]对上海市健康促进协会的会员单位开展臭虫侵害及处置情况调查,调查内容包括单位基本信息、臭虫处置经历、发现臭虫的环境类型、主要处置部位、主要处理方法、主要施用药物及剂型、处置结束有无效果的评估等,并进行组间比较.[结果]在116家机构中有78家(67.24%)开展过臭虫处置,其中近3年有29.49%的机构处置臭虫不少于5次.臭虫侵害的主要环境类型为宿舍(46.96%)、宾馆(18.78%)和居民户(20.44%),养老院、监狱看守所、交通工具等均发现不同程度的臭虫侵害.臭虫侵害的主要部位为床架/床板/床垫(32.42%),其次为席子(棕梆)(19.63%).药物喷洒为最常用的臭虫控制方法(98.72%),其次为高温蒸汽(11.54%).药物喷洒使用的药剂主要为拟除虫菊酯类(69.23%)、烟碱类(60.26%)和有机磷类(42.31%);使用的剂型主要为悬浮剂(55.13%),其次为可湿性粉剂(43.59%)和乳油(43.59%).89.74%的公司处置结束后开展控制效果评估,且控制效果满意.[结论]上海市臭虫侵害较为普遍,宿舍、宾馆和居民户等为臭虫侵害高发场所,床架、床板、床垫是易侵害部位.在处理臭虫时应综合使用物理和化学方法,提升臭虫防控效果.

Small parasitic Hemipteran insects known as bedbugs(Cimicidae)feed on warm-blooded mammal's blood.The most famous member of this family is the Cimex lectularius or common bedbug.The current paper proposes a novel swarm intelligence optimization algorithm called the Bedbug Meta-Heuristic Algorithm(BMHA).The primary inspiration for the bedbug algorithm comes from the static and dynamic swarming behaviors of bedbugs in nature.The two main stages of optimization algorithms,exploration,and exploitation,are designed by modeling bedbug social interaction to search for food.The pro-posed algorithm is benchmarked qualitatively and quantitatively using many test functions including CEC2019.The results of evaluating BMHA prove that this algorithm can improve the initial random population for a given optimization problem to converge towards global optimization and provide highly competitive results compared to other well-known optimiza-tion algorithms.The results also prove the new algorithm's performance in solving real optimization problems in unknown search spaces.To achieve this,the proposed algorithm has been used to select the features of fake news in a semi-supervised manner,the results of which show the good performance of the proposed algorithm in solving problems.

根据臭虫生态习性和客车环境特点,分析铁路客车臭虫的侵害与分布,针对铁路旅客列车臭虫防治研究的进展与现况,探讨适合铁路客车臭虫防治工作的方法、思路和策略.

The importance of transmission of hepatitis B via bedbug's bite was again emphasized by our observations that HBsAg positivity of bedbugs caught from HBsAg positive carriers' beds was 56.25% while that from negative or undetermined individuals' was 33.51% or 24.45% respectively.

In two previous publications (15 and 16), the present authors have given translations, with commentaries, of selections from old Chinese medical literature dealing with a variety of helminthological subjects. The present publication presents selections concerning in festation by lice, crab-lice, bedbugs and cases of phthiriasis. As previously, the examples have been taken from the large collection of old Chinese medical books in theLibrary of the Peiping Union Medical College and may beregarded as representative. Just as was the case with publications on helminth infections, discussions on the present subject were found scattered in medical works of various categories. There seem to have been no special pubIications on ecto-parasites. Compared with the very considerable amount of old literature on helminthological questions,the number of references to the ecto-parasites under discussion is comparatively small. This may be explained by the fact that on the one hand, many diseases were formerly attributed to worms, and on the other hand, nothing was known of the important role of insects as transmitters of diseases. Furthermore, Pediculus, Phthirus and Cimex were, in China as in the West, probably of such frequent occurrence that many were thoroughly familiar with them from personal experience and knew how to dealwith them. It may also be that some authors who, though disposed to discuss in their works at great length, interesting and complicated diseases may consider it somewhat below their dignity to write about such vulgar and commonplace topics as lice and bedbugs.