OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease(AD),the most common cause of dementia among older people, could not be prevented, halted, or reversed up till now. A large body of pharmacological study has revealed that Liuwei Dihuang (LW) possesses potential therapeutic effects on AD. LW-AFC is key fractions from LW.In the present study,we investigated the effect of LW-AFC on AD mouse models. METHODS PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9(APP/PS1) mice and senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain (SAMP8), classic AD animal models, were employed. After the treatment of LW-AFC, mice were cognitively evaluated in behavioral experiments. Neuron loss, amyloid-β (Αβ) deposition, and Αβ level were analyzed using Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, and an AlphaLISA assay, respectively. Multiplex bead analysis, a radioimmunoassay, immunochemiluminometry, and an ELISA were used to measure cytokine and hormone levels.Lymphocyte subsets were detected using fl ow cytometry. RESULTS LW-AFC ameliorated the cognitive impairment observed in APP/PS1and SAMP8 mice,including the impairment of object recognition memory,spatial learning and memory,and active and passive avoidance. In addition, LW-AFC alleviated the neuron loss in the hippocampus, suppressed amyloid-β(Αβ)deposition in the brain,and reduced the concentration of Aβ1-42in the hippo-campus and plasma of APP/PS1 mice. LW-AFC treatment also significantly restored the imbalance of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes,corrected the disorder of lymphocyte subsets,and regulated the abnormal production of cytokine in APP/PS1 and SAMP8 mice. Effects of LW-AFC on pharmacodynamics and neuroendocrine immunomodulation network in APP/PS1 and SAMP8 mice were better than meman-tine and donepezil. CONCLUSION LW-AFC ameliorated the behavioral and pathological deterioration of AD mouse models via the restoration of the NIM network, which supports the use of LW-AFC as a potential agent for AD therapy.

目的:建立同时测定动物组织中克伦特罗(clenbuterol,CLB)和莱克多巴胺(ractopamine,RAC)的纳米均相时间分辨荧光免疫(amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay linked immunosorbent assay,AlphaLISA)分析方法.方法:样品经β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶/芳基硫酯酶和乙酸铵酶解提取,正己烷脱脂,滤膜过滤,滤液与生物素化抗原、抗体、供体微珠和受体微珠进行酶联免疫,AlphaLISA进行检测.结果:CLB和RAC在0.1～50 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(R2＞0.98),检测限为0.02 ng/mL;在5、10、20μg/kg 3个添加水平下CLB+ RAC(1∶1)、CLB和RAC的回收率分别为88.8％～102.8％、86.6％～98.3％和84.2％～103.2％;相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)均小于12％.结论:该方法快速简单、结果准确可靠,适用于检测和筛选动物组织中的RAC和CLB.

目的:利用AlphaLISA技术,建立新型均相检测方法,对金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素E(SEE)进行检测.方法:采用2种SEE抗体建立AlphaLISA检测方法,羊抗肠毒多克隆抗体同受体微球偶联,SEE小鼠单克隆抗体标记生物素,并同偶联了亲和素的供体微球连接,3种组分与待测抗原形成双抗体夹心结构,680 nm的光激发供体微球产生能量,将周围反应体系中的氧分子转变为激发态,并将能量传递给受体微球,产生520～620 nm的荧光,荧光信号与抗原浓度正相关.对该方法的反应体系进行优化,验证其重复性、敏感性和特异性,并采用该方法检测菌液上清和食品模拟样本.结果:所建立的AlphaLISA检测方法重复性较好,批间变异系数和批内变异系数皆小于10％;检测SEE的灵敏度可以达到100 pg/mL,并与其他几种毒素均无交叉反应,具有较好的特异性.该方法也能够准确地对金黄色葡萄球菌菌液上清中的SEE进行检测,对食品模拟样本的检测也有较好的灵敏度.结论:建立了检测SEE的AlphaLISA方法.该方法均相免洗,操作便捷,用时短,灵敏度更高,可对菌液上清和不同食品模拟样本中的SEE进行检测.

目的 利用新型均相化学发光免疫分析技术(AlphaLISA)检测金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素D(SED),并与传统酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)进行比较.方法 采用SED单抗偶联发光微球,生物素标记另一SED单抗,以及链霉亲和素偶联感光微球构建SED AlphaLISA检测体系;SED单抗包被,另一生物素标记SED单抗检测,链霉亲和素偶联辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)放大,构建SED ELISA检测体系.结果 与结论 确定AlphaLISA发光微球和生物素标记抗体的最适稀释比例为1:50和1:1000;确定ELISA包被抗体的最适浓度为3μg/ml,生物素标记抗体和链霉亲和素偶联HRP的最适比例分别为1:1000和1:2000;AlphaLISA对缓冲液和牛奶模拟样本SED的检出限为100 pg/ml,变异系数(CV)为0.3％～8.9％;ELISA对缓冲液和牛奶模拟样本SED的检出限为781.29 pg/ml,CV为1.0％～19.8％;两种方法 均不与其他型肠毒素抗原产生交叉反应.与ELISA相比,AlphaLISA检测SED灵敏度、精确性更高.

Many cancer types reprogram their metabolism to become addicted to glutamine. One of the critical enzymes in the utilization of glutamine in these cells is glutaminase. CB-839 (telaglenastat) is a drug that targets glutaminase that is currently being evaluated in many clinical trials for efficacy in various cancer types that are known to be driven by glutamine metabolism. Despite its use, there are limited assays available for testing the pharmacodynamic on-target effects of CB-839 on the limited, small-volume patient samples that are obtained in early-phase clinical trials. Thus, we developed an assay based on the cellular thermal shift assay technique using AlphaLISA technology to show that CB-839 specifically en-gages glutaminase in colon cancer cell lines in vitro and in minute quantities of mouse xenograft tumors.Notably, we show that this assay detects CB-839 binding to glutaminase in platelets of patients collected while receiving CB-839 on a clinical trial. This assay may be used to study the pharmacodynamic profile of CB-839 in very small tissue samples obtained from patients on a clinical trial and may be useful in future studies designed to screen other inhibitors of glutaminase.

目的 建立一种快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A(SEA)的均相光激化学发光免疫分析法(AlphaLISA).方法 待测样本中的SEA与偶联有羊抗SEA多克隆抗体的受体微球、生物素化的小鼠抗SEA单克隆抗体发生反应,形成双抗体夹心结构,再与包被链霉亲和素的供体微球形成复合体.680 nm波长荧光激发供体微球上的光敏剂产生单线态氧,触发受体微球发出615 nm波长荧光,多功能酶标仪检测信号值,信号值高低与待测样本中SEA的浓度呈正比.结果 缓冲液中SEA的最低检出限(LOD)为0.1 ng/ml,线性范围0.2～50 ng/ml,相关系数R2为0.9941.检测体系不易受高糖、高盐和高蛋白等样本基质的影响,牛乳等液态模拟样本和10％(w/v)稀释的奶粉、豆干、火腿肠等固态食品模拟样本的LOD均为0.1 ng/ml.检测体系与其他4种肠毒素(SEB、SEC、SED、SEE)、A型肉毒毒素、蓖麻毒素、相思子毒素均无交叉反应,特异性较好.无论是缓冲液还是模拟样本检测,变异系数均小于10％,具有较好的重复性.结论 该法操作流程简便,检测灵敏度高、特异性强,检测时间为25 min,在金黄色葡萄球菌性食物中毒的鉴别诊断中具有较好的应用前景.

目的 建立一种腺病毒IgM抗体的均相光激化学发光免疫快速检测方法(AlphaLISA).方法 通过筛选小鼠抗人IgM单克隆抗体标记受体微球、链霉亲和素偶联供体微球和生物素化腺病毒抗原的最适比例,构建腺病毒IgM抗体均相AlphaLISA快速检测体系;采用呼吸道感染样品对该检测体系进行评价,并与间接免疫荧光方法比较.结果与结论 该法重复性较好,批内和批间变异系数均小于5％,与间接免疫荧光方法相比总符合率为87.21％,且不与其他常见呼吸道病原体的IgM抗体发生交叉反应.该法用于腺病毒IgM抗体的快速检测,可为早期确诊腺病毒感染提供可行方案.

副流感病毒(Parainfluenza virus,PIV)是较为常见且广泛的社区性获得性抗原,其感染率仅次于呼吸道合胞病毒.由于PIV感染的临床表现与其他呼吸道病毒感染无特异性差别,所以早期、快速、准确诊断尤为重要.本文建立PIV IgM抗体的AlphaLISA快速检测方法,PIV特异性抗原与待测样品中PIV IgM抗体结合使供体微珠和受体微珠相互接近时,激光激发级联反应,从而产生放大的信号.通过对PIV特异性抗原生物素标记量和稀释比例的摸索,确定最佳反应体系.该方法批内和批间变异系数均小于10％,与间接免疫荧光方法比对,总符合率高于95％,且不与其他7种常见呼吸道病原体的IgM抗体发生交叉反应.AlphaLISA方法操作简便,整个反应过程只需要25 min,可快速检测PIV的IgM抗体,为早期确诊PIV感染提供有效办法.

呼吸道合胞病毒(Respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)属于副粘液病毒科,是一种下呼吸道感染最主要的RNA病毒.呼吸道合胞病毒感染是引起全球婴幼儿高致死率的呼吸道感染病原,仅次于疟疾,但用于检测RSV感染的选择相对较少.本文通过抗原抗体结合原理,建立呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)IgM抗体AlphaLISA快速检测方法.小鼠抗人IgM单克隆抗体偶联的受体微球与临床血清样品中RSV特异性IgM抗体结合,RSV特异性IgM抗体再与生物素标记的RSV抗原结合,生物素连接偶联链霉亲和素的供体微球;受体微球和供体微球的距离被拉近小于200nm,680nm荧光激发供体微球生成单线态氧,扩散给受体微球,发射波长为520～620nm的荧光,荧光强度与血清中RSV特异性IgM抗体呈正比.结果显示,该方法批内变异系数与批间变异系数均小于10％,不与其他呼吸道病原体发生交叉反应,与间接免疫荧光法具有较好的一致性,总符合率达83.33％.该方法具有微量检测、快速省时、操作简便等优势,可快速检测RSV的IgM抗体,为早期确诊RSV感染提供高效可行方案.

目的 建立均相光激化学发光免疫分析方法(AlphaLISA)快速检测新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2).方法 采用新型冠状病毒抗体偶联发光微球,生物素标记另一抗体,以及链霉亲和素偶联感光微球构建新型冠状病毒AlphaLISA检测体系.采用SARS-CoV-2真核表达抗原和灭活病毒对AlphaLISA方法进行评价,并与商业化ELISA试剂盒进行比对.结果 确定单抗1#与多抗组别作为新型冠状病毒AlphaLISA检测的抗体对,AlphaLISA对新型冠状病毒抗原的检出限为0.39 ng/ml,具有较好的重复性,批内差1.90％～8.93％,批间差1.75％～9.04％,对不同临床样本的检测具有较好的耐受性,与ELISA试剂盒相比对灭活病毒的检测敏感性更高.结论 AlphaLISA可实现对SARS-CoV-2的高效快速检测.