炎症性肠病是一种慢性非特异性胃肠道疾病,其病因极其复杂,与过度免疫反应有关,通过组织损伤和慢性炎症导致活性氧的病理释放.靶向累积的活性氧是抑制炎症性肠病的一种可行策略,相应的,活性氧的过表达也可触发新型给药系统的药物释放,缓解炎症性肠病症状.然而,治疗炎症性肠病的抗氧化剂在恶劣的胃肠道环境中不稳定,为了克服这种缺陷,研究者尝试构建抗氧化剂递送系统,以此来提高抗氧化剂的治疗效果.本文作者对酶、金属、多酚、天然色素、含氮氧化物等具有良好活性氧清除能力的抗氧化剂进行介绍,希望为抗氧化剂递送系统的发展提供可靠的参考.

作为一种广泛存在于真核细胞中的信号调节通路，Nrf2/ARE信号通路对机体的氧化应激反应起着重要的调节作用。该分子通路主要通过激活细胞核内的相关抗氧化应激基因，参与了维持细胞内外氧化/抗氧化的平衡。近年来有研究发现，Nrf2/ARE信号通路与呼吸系统炎症反应及呼吸系统疾病如肺癌的发生联系密切，因此，可能使得Nrf2/ARE信号通路成为治疗呼吸系统疾病的潜在靶点。本文对Nrf2/ARE信号通路的基本情况以及其与呼吸系统之间的相关性作一简要综述，以期为呼吸系统疾病的治疗提供更多更好的潜在靶点。

2015年中国新发恶性肿瘤数据统计表明，30岁以下女性患者为3.88万，这些恶性肿瘤患者急需得到医生关于生育力保护和保存的建议，而卵巢组织冷冻方法是保存内分泌功能和生育能力的最佳方法。目前影响卵巢组织存活的关键是解决卵巢组织移植后的缺血再灌注损伤问题，本文将从卵巢组织移植后缺血再灌注的机制，以及抗氧化剂、促血管生成和远处缺血预处理等干预方法进行系统地文献梳理，有助于结合生物技术与医疗技术开发更有效、安全和可操作的解决方案，以改善卵巢移植后缺血状态，解决日益增长的女性生育力保护需求。

急性胰腺炎(AP)是常见的临床急腹症，常并发胰腺坏死、假性囊肿和腹腔脓肿等局部并发症，并可引发全身炎症反应综合征及多器官功能障碍综合征，病情凶险，治疗棘手，预后差。尽管关于AP的发病机制已取得重大进展，但具体机制仍不明确。在过去的几十年中，许多研究都强调了氧化应激在急性炎症反应中的作用，本文通过介绍氧化应激打破细胞Ca 2＋平衡、参与转录因子的活化和炎症介质的过度释放，阐明了氧化应激在AP的发生、发展中扮演的角色，并介绍抗氧化剂辅助治疗在AP治疗中的应用。

目的:研究抗氧化剂叔丁基对苯二酚(tBHQ)对早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜结构和功能的保护作用及其机制。方法:选取8周龄健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠45只，采用随机数字表法将其分为正常对照组、糖尿病模型组和tBHQ干预组，每组15只；糖尿病模型组和tBHQ干预组采用一次性腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导糖尿病模型，正常对照组大鼠腹腔内注射等容量枸橼酸钠缓冲液；tBHQ干预组在STZ注射前2周喂食质量分数为1% tBHQ添加饲料，其余2个组大鼠喂食普通饲料；分别于造模后72 h、2周和4周尾静脉采血用于血糖检测。取造模成功的大鼠于造模后4周行视网膜电图(ERG)检测；采用苏木精－伊红染色法观察大鼠视网膜组织形态结构变化；采用TUNEL法观察视网膜组织各层细胞凋亡情况；Western blot法检测视网膜组织中蛋白激酶B(Akt)、p-Akt、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)和p-eNOS的表达情况。另取体外培养的Müller细胞系rMC-1进行分组。正常对照组、甘露醇对照组、高糖组细胞分别在正常培养基、含5.5 mmol/L葡萄糖+24.5 mmol/L甘露醇的培养基、高糖培养基中培养72 h。tBHQ干预组细胞先于含5 μmol/L tBHQ的正常糖培养基中预处理24 h，然后于含5 μmol/L tBHQ的高糖培养基中继续培养72 h；磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)抑制剂组细胞先于含5 μmol/L LY294002的正常糖培养基中预处理6 h，然后于含5 μmol/L LY294002及5 μmol/L tBHQ的正常糖培养基中继续培养24 h，最后于含5 μmol/L LY294002及5 μmol/L tBHQ的高糖培养基中继续培养72 h，收集各组细胞提取蛋白，Western blot法检测Akt、p-Akt、eNOS和p-eNOS的表达情况。结果:造模后72 h、2周和4周，糖尿病模型组大鼠血糖较正常对照组和tBHQ干预组高，差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.01)。造模后4周糖尿病模型组大鼠暗适应ERG的a波、b波振幅较正常对照组和tBHQ干预组下降，差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.05)。组织病理学染色结果显示，与正常对照组相比，糖尿病模型组视网膜神经节细胞数目减少，内丛状层水肿增厚，内核层及外核层变薄，结构疏松且排列紊乱，而tBHQ干预组各结构较糖尿病模型组有所改善。TUNEL染色结果显示，糖尿病模型组大鼠视网膜细胞凋亡指数较正常对照组和tBHQ干预组高，差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.05)，且凋亡细胞主要存在于外核层。Western blot法检测结果显示，正常对照组、糖尿病模型组和tBHQ干预组大鼠视网膜组织p-Akt/Akt的相对表达量分别为0.76±0.11、0.52±0.10和1.14±0.31，p-eNOS/eNOS的相对表达量分别为0.83±0.06、0.52±0.08和1.03±0.13，糖尿病模型组大鼠视网膜组织p-Akt/Akt、p-eNOS/eNOS的相对表达量均较正常对照组和tBHQ干预组降低，差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.01)；正常对照组、甘露醇对照组、高糖组、tBHQ干预组和PI3K抑制剂组细胞p-Akt/Akt的相对表达量分别为0.95±0.38、0.94±0.27、0.33±0.25、1.32±0.37和0.24±0.09，p-eNOS/eNOS的相对表达量分别为0.86±0.11、0.74±0.29、0.45±0.29、1.28±0.22和0.73±0.29，高糖组细胞p-Akt/Akt、p-eNOS/eNOS的相对表达量较正常对照组和tBHQ干预组显著降低，差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.05)，PI3K抑制剂组p-Akt/Akt、p-eNOS/eNOS的相对表达量较tBHQ干预组明显降低，差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.01)。 结论:tBHQ对早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜结构和功能均具有保护作用，其保护作用机制可能与Akt/eNOS信号通路的活化有关。

In vitro maturation (IVM) is considered a potential assisted reproductive technology that is a safer and simpler alternative to conventional in vitro fertilization. It is primarily used in patients with impaired oocyte maturation and for the treatment of infertile women who are at risk of fertility loss. In addition, IVM is currently used mainly in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients with a high ovarian response and is still considered an experimental option in fertility preservation. Producing highly competent oocytes during IVM is considered a key step in the success of in vitro production (IVP) of embryos. Some factors, such as culture medium conditions and other supplements, have a significant impact on oocyte IVM performance. One of the known disruptors of oocyte developmental competence in IVP is oxidative stress (OS), which is caused by an imbalance between the production and neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vitro conditions induce supraphysiological ROS levels due to exposure to an oxidative environment and the isolation of the oocyte from the follicle protective antioxidant milieu. Given the importance of OS in oocyte competence, the establishment of standardized antioxidant IVM systems is critical for improving the overall success of IVP. This review focuses on the main antioxidants tested to protect oocytes against OS in IVM.

Oxidative stress is caused by the imbalance between the generation of free radicals/reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense systems, which can activate various transcription factors and affect their transcriptional pathways. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the occurrence and development of leukemia and is closely related to the treatment and prognosis of leukemia. The standard chemotherapy strategies for the pre-treatment of leukemia have many drawbacks. Hence, the usage of antioxidants and oxidants in the treatment of leukemia is being explored and has been preliminarily applied. This article reviews the research progress of oxidative stress and leukemia. In addition, the application of antioxidants treatment in leukemia has been summarized.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless and colorless gas with multiple sources that include engine exhaust, faulty furnaces, and other sources of incomplete combustion of carbon compounds such as house fires. The most serious complications for survivors of consequential CO exposure are persistent neurological sequelae occurring in up to 50% of patients. CO inhibits mitochondrial respiration by speci-fically binding to the heme a3 in the active site of CIV-like hydrogen sulfide, cyanide, and phosphides. Although hyperbaric oxygen remains the cornerstone for treatment, it has variable efficacy requiring new approaches to treatment. There is a paucity of cellular-based therapies in the area of CO poisoning, and there have been recent advancements that include antioxidants and a mitochondrial substrate prodrug. The succinate prodrugs derived from chemical modification of succinate are endeavored to enhance delivery of succinate to cells, increasing uptake of succinate into the mitochondria, and providing metabolic support for cells. The therapeutic intervention of succinate prodrugs is thus potentially applicable to patients with CO poisoning via metabolic support for fuel oxidation and possibly improving efficacy of HBO therapy.

咖啡因又称1, 3, 7-三甲基黄嘌呤，是一种生物碱，其在神经病学、内科学、妇产科学以及儿科学等领域被广泛研究。近年来，眼科领域对咖啡因也有了一些新的认识。白内障作为人类第一大致盲眼病，目前手术是其唯一根治的方法，部分研究发现咖啡因可以通过抗氧化及抑制细胞凋亡等作用来预防白内障的发生。鉴于此，咖啡因与白内障的关系值得进一步深入研究。笔者就咖啡因在预防白内障发生中的作用机制进行探讨，以期为防治白内障提供新的理论依据。

活性氧是一类活性较高的含氧化合物，能够在机体内发生氧化反应，正常生理条件下由抗氧化系统清除。氧化剂和抗氧化剂系统之间的不平衡导致活性氧的过度产生和积累，可造成胞内DNA、脂质及蛋白的氧化损伤，诱发细胞恶变可能。另外，活性氧还可作为信号分子通过参与调控不同的信号转导途径发挥双重作用，一方面诱导肿瘤细胞增殖，提高肿瘤细胞耐受性，促进肿瘤细胞转移；另一方面诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡甚至坏死。由此可见活性氧与肿瘤的发生发展有着密切的联系，活性氧可作为肿瘤治疗的重要靶点。