The enhancement of adhesive perception is crucial to maintaining a stable and comfortable grip of the skin-touch products.To study the tactile perception of adhesive surfaces,subjective evaluation,skin friction and vibrations,and neurophysi-ological response of the brain activity were investigated systematically.Silicone materials,which are commonly used for bionic materials and skin-touch products,were chosen for the tactile stimulus.The results showed that with the increasing of surface adhesion,the dominant friction transferred from a combination of adhesive friction and deformation friction to adhesive friction.The friction coefficient and vibration amplitude had strong correlations with the perceived adhesion of surfaces.The parietal lobe and occipital lobe were involved in adhesive perceptions,and the area and intensity of brain acti-vation increased with the increasing surface adhesion.Surfaces with larger adhesion tended to excite a high P300 amplitude and short latency,indicating that the judgment was faster and that more attentional resources were involved in adhesive perception.Furthermore,the electroencephalograph signals of the adhesive perception were simulated by the neural mass model.It demonstrated that the excitability and intensity of brain activity,and the connectivity strength between two neural masses increased with the increasing surface adhesion.This study is meaningful to understand the role of surface adhesion in tactile friction and the cognitive mechanism in adhesive perception to improve the tactile experience of adhesive materials.

At present,the existing piezoelectric stick-slip actuators have an inherent back-slip problem,which greatly limits the devel-opment and application of stick-slip actuators.In order to inhibit the regression phenomenon,a new bionic lemongrass stickslip actuator was prepared by using polymer PDMS to replicate natural biological surface.The surface microstructure of the grass was copied by PDMS,and the PDMS film was prepared.The rigid and flexible bionic friction pair was further prepared,and the flexible anisotropic PDMS stick slip actuator was developed.It was found that the anisotropic friction characteristics of the surface microstructure of the grass inhibited the anti-sliding motion,and the elastic potential energy of the PDMS film improved the output characteristics of the driver.By adjusting the input voltage to control the contact between the drive foot and the rotor,the rigid and flexible hybrid drive can be realized and the backsliding phenomenon can be suppressed.The actuator is compact,lightweight and can achieve high speed and high resolution output without preloading force,which has important application value in the field of fast and accurate positioning with load limitation.

This study investigates the friction and deformation behavior of the skin in contact with a rigid massage ball and its influ-encing factors.Pressing and stretching experiments were conducted using a collaborative robot experimental platform.The experiments encompassed a loading normal force range of 2 N to 18 N and a sliding speed range of 10 mm/s to 20 mm/s.The friction response curve exhibits two different stages:static stick state and dynamic stick-slip stage,both of which have been mathematically modeled.By analyzing the experimental data,we analyzed the effects of elastic modulus,sliding speed and normal loading force on skin tangential friction and tensile deformation.The results indicate that as the normal load increases,both friction and deformation exhibit an increase.Conversely,they decrease with an increase in elastic modulus.Notably,while deformation diminishes with higher sliding speed,friction force remains relatively unaffected by velocity.This observation can be attributed to the strain rate sensitivity resulting from the viscoelastic characteristics of the skin under substantial deformation.This study advances the understanding of friction and deformation behavior during skin friction,offering valuable insights to enhance the operational comfort of massage robots.

目的:观察新型固定胶布对预防经鼻三腔喂养管压力性损伤的效果。方法:采用便利抽样法，2019年5月至2021年8月选取北京大学肿瘤医院胃肠肿瘤中心一病区留置三腔喂养管的住院患者60例为研究对象，采用区组随机化法分为2组，每组30例；对照组患者使用常规胶布固定三腔喂养管，试验组患者使用新型胶布固定三腔喂养管；比较2组患者鼻部出现压力性损伤、疼痛、鼻部摩擦感和睡眠情况。结果:对照组鼻部压力性损伤发生率、鼻部疼痛发生率、鼻部有摩擦感及入睡困难发生率为70.00%（21/30）、73.33%（22/30）、66.67%（20/30）、43.33%（13/30），均高于试验组的16.67%（5/30）、13.33%（4/30）、23.33%（7/30）、10.00%（3/30），差异有统计学意义（ χ2值为8.52~22.45，均 P<0.05）。 结论:使用新型胶布固定三腔喂养管可有效预防鼻部压力性损伤进而减轻疼痛、提高患者鼻部舒适度，改善了经鼻插管引起的入睡困难，进而促进患者术后恢复。

目的:探讨改良式仰卧位对急诊留观患者压力性损伤的预防效果及舒适状况的影响。方法:选取2019年6月至2020年3月南京医科大学第一附属医院急诊留观病房收治的114例患者为研究对象。按照随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组，每组57例，对照组患者给予常规仰卧位及压力性损伤预防护理，干预组患者在此基础上采用改良式仰卧位护理干预，比较2组患者留观期间压力性损伤发生情况、压力性损伤风险评分评价情况、舒适状况评价情况。结果:干预后，干预组患者压力性损伤发生1例，对照组8例，差异有统计学意义（ Z值为-2.426， P<0.05）；干预组患者压疮风险评分中的感觉、潮湿、活动能力、摩擦力和剪切力评分分别为（3.36 ± 0.59）、（2.92 ± 0.47）、（3.21 ± 0.52）、（2.61 ± 0.29）分，均明显高于对照组的（2.87 ± 0.51）、（2.24 ± 0.38）、（2.76 ± 0.44）、（2.04 ± 0.32）分，差异有统计学意义（ t值为4.74~9.96， P<0.01）；干预组患者舒适状况评分中的生理、精神心理维度为（15.41 ± 2.49）、（27.26 ± 3.42）分，均明显高于对照组患者的（11.01 ± 1.97）、（22.14 ± 3.23）分，差异有统计学意义（ t值为10.46、8.21， P<0.05）。 结论:改良式仰卧体位护理方式可以降低急诊留观患者压力性损伤的发生情况，改善患者的舒适状况，适合在急诊留观患者中应用。

吸痰是清除呼吸道分泌物和留取痰液标本的必要措施。传统吸痰装置包括开放式和密闭式两种。然而，开放式吸痰装置在操作过程中容易导致痰液喷溅，污染操作者及周围环境；密闭式吸痰装置的价格较开放式吸痰装置更高，虽可重复使用，但多次使用后其保护套与吸痰管壁之间的摩擦力增加，进而影响操作。上述两种吸痰方式在进行痰液标本留取时均需额外连接痰液收集器，这一过程容易造成标本泄露污染，同时增加患者感染风险。为了克服上述问题，大连医科大学附属第一医院重症医学科的医护人员设计了一种新型转接半密闭式吸痰装置，并获得了国家实用新型专利（专利号：ZL 2020 2 1564712.3）。该装置由吸引器连接口、滑动式负压开关、转接口、管身、透明薄膜保护套、夹片式连接头和痰液收集器组成。吸引器连接口处滑动式负压开关可实现单人单手操作；痰液收集器与吸痰装置转接口对接，做到标本留取无暴露；透明薄膜保护套覆盖吸痰管的管身，以确保吸痰操作全程无污染；夹片式连接头可与人工气道接口连接，避免吸痰过程中痰液喷溅，操作后即刻夹闭，减少环境污染。与现有吸痰装置相比，新型转接半密闭式吸痰装置设计更合理、成本更低廉，值得临床推广。

目的:从压缩、拉伸、循环压缩、循环拉伸、蠕变、摩擦等多维度测量分析颞下颌关节盘的生物力学性能，完善颞下颌关节盘的力学检测体系。方法:在市场统一购置新鲜羊头15只（2.5~3.0 kg），均为普通饲养山羊（9~12个月龄，体质量18~21 kg），雌雄不限，于处死后30 min内解剖出双侧关节盘（共计30枚）。参照黏弹性材料的力学测试国标，将山羊颞下颌关节盘按不同检测要求制样，模拟体内条件进行实验，使用万能材料试验机测试颞下颌关节盘的各项生物力学性能。结果:颞下颌关节盘具备一定的抗压缩［（8.41±2.12） MPa］、抗拉伸［（9.54±3.26） MPa］性能，但在超过生理载荷后，即发生不可逆性破坏，丧失原有力学属性。颞下颌关节盘在持续应力（0.5或3.0 MPa）作用下发生明显蠕变松弛（30%）；其表面摩擦系数为0.015±0.011，低于一般黏弹性材料的表面摩擦值。结论:颞下颌关节盘是具有一定抗压-抗拉性能、表面在润湿状态下非常光滑的生物黏弹体。

目的:分析镀碳基纳米多层膜钛合金球头五百万次摩擦磨损实验产生的颗粒特征，并与钴铬钼合金（CoCrMo）球头对比，以评估新型镀膜球头摩擦磨损性能的优劣。方法:根据球头种类不同，将髋关节摩擦磨损实验设置为3组：A、C组分别选用进口及国产的CoCrMo球头，B组选用镀碳基纳米多层膜的钛合金球头（Ti 6Al 4V）。所有球头均与相同的超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）髋臼杯配伍。3组关节在髋关节模拟机运行五百万次后收集血清样本，消解稀释后依次通过5 μm、1.2 μm及0.4 μm的滤膜过滤。使用扫描电镜在滤膜上随机选取颗粒图像，确定颗粒元素种类及成分结构，计算颗粒的大小、形状、数量及体积等相关参数，比较组间相关参数的差异，以评估新型镀膜球头摩擦磨损性能。 结果:各组颗粒主要成分均为UHMWPE，且多为亚微米级（粒径<1 μm），B组亚微米级颗粒占比为49.4%，显著低于A组的75%及C组的60%（χ 2=66.032、31.754，均 P<0.017）。各组颗粒均以类圆形为主，形状相关参数纵横比（AR）组间无统计学差异（χ 2=0.590， P=0.744）。B组颗粒数量在全部滤膜上均明显少于C组（ t=9.960、8.019、5.790，均 P<0.01），在0.4 μm滤膜上显著少于A组（ t=7.810， P=0.000）。 结论:新型镀碳基纳米多层膜钛合金球头摩擦磨损性能明显优于国产球头，部分超过进口球头水平，对预防UHMWPE颗粒诱导的骨溶解和无菌性松动有积极作用。

A 19-year-old male patient who suffered from sudden and repeated multiple organ dysfunction syndrome one month after the bar removal procedure of Nuss surgery for pectus excavatum was admitted to our department. With organ function supportive treatment, the etiology was finally identified to be a bone spur located at the inner border of the left costa due to repeated friction between the implanted steel bar and the rib, which damaged the heart repeatedly and induced the consequent acute cardiac tamponade. After operation, the patient was successfully managed and discharged. Follow-ups till three years indicated a good recovery.

引流管的管理是护理工作的重要环节。当引流管受到意外暴力牵拉时，患者的约束与引流管的固定并不能有效避免非计划性拔管（UEX）的发生。河南省人民医院护理创新团队为改变以约束和固定等传统手段防止引流管脱管的现有技术，针对引流管脱出的根本原因进行干预，设计了一种医用引流管防牵拉装置，并获得了国家实用新型专利（专利号：ZL 2020 2 2843025.1）。卡套与卡环的设计在引流管受到意外暴力牵拉时摩擦夹紧件通过机械闭合的方法夹闭引流管，达到引流管制动的目的，防止引流管的脱出。卡套和卡环的断口设计可适用于不同管径的引流管，且蜂鸣装置在卡环进入卡套的瞬间启动，可警示医务人员脱管风险事件的发生，进而使护士在第一时间进行有效处理，是医用引流管的"保险丝"，旨在及时、有效地预防UEX发生。