目的:评价GSK484对小鼠呼吸机相关性肺损伤(VILI)及中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NETs)的影响。方法:SPF级健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠48只，5~6周龄，体质量15~20 g，采用随机数字表法将小鼠分为4组( n＝12)：自主呼吸组(S组)、自主呼吸+GSK484干预组(SG组)、VILI组(V组)、VILI +GSK484干预组(VG组)。S组及SG组气管插管后自主呼吸4 h；V组及VG组机械通气4 h(潮气量30 ml/kg、呼吸频率75次/min、吸呼比1∶2、呼吸末正压0 mmHg、吸入氧气浓度21%)。于VILI建模前3 d，SG组及VG组腹腔注射GSK484 4 mg/kg，1次/d，S组及V组每天以等容量生理盐水代替。小鼠自主呼吸或机械通气4 h时，采集腹主动脉血样，行血气分析，记录PaO 2；随后处死小鼠，收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)及肺组织。确定肺组织湿重/干重比值(W/D)；肺组织HE染色后，光镜下观察病理学结果并行损伤评分；采用ELISA法检测BALF IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α及髓过氧化物酶(MPO)浓度；采用Western blot法检测肺组织肽酰基精氨酸脱亚氨酶4(PAD4)、中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)、高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)及瓜氨酸化组蛋白3(Cit-H3)表达水平。 结果:与S组和SG组比较，V组和VG组肺损伤评分和W/D比值升高，PaO 2降低，BALF IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和MPO浓度升高，肺组织PAD4、NE、HMGB1和Cit-H3表达上调( P<0.05)；与V组比较，VG组肺损伤评分和W/D比值降低，PaO 2升高，BALF IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和MPO浓度降低，肺组织PAD4、NE、HMGB1和Cit-H3表达下调( P<0.05)。 结论:GSK484可减轻小鼠VILI，机制与抑制PAD4表达，减少NETs产生，减轻肺组织炎症反应有关。

目的 探究肽酰基精氨酸脱亚胺酶4(PAD4)介导的中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NETs)在甲状腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭和细胞周期中的作用机制以及临床相关性研究.方法 收集60例甲状腺癌患者和60例健康受试者的外周血,ELISA检测血清中PAD4和组蛋白H3瓜氨酸化(H3cit)水平,并分析甲状腺癌患者血清中PAD4和H3cit水平与疾病进展的相关性.提取甲状腺癌患者和健康受试者外周血中性粒细胞,qRT-PCR检测PAD4 mRNA表达水平,离子霉素刺激和绿菁染色检测NETs形成水平.将NETs、GSK484与人甲状腺癌细胞株CAL-62共孵育,分为Control组、NETs组和NETs+GSK484组.采用CCK-8法、Transwell法和流式细胞术分别检测细胞增殖和侵袭水平以及细胞周期进展.结果 与健康受试者相比,甲状腺癌患者血清中PAD4和H3cit水平升高(P<0.05),且PAD4和H3cit水平呈正相关(P<0.05).甲状腺癌患者的PAD4和H3cit水平均与TNM分期有关(P<0.05).与健康受试者相比,甲状腺癌患者外周血中性粒细胞PAD4 mRNA表达及NETs形成水平升高(P<0.05).与Control组相比,NETs组细胞增殖、侵袭水平升高(P<0.05),S期细胞比例升高(P<0.05),G1期细胞比例降低(P<0.05).GSK484可抑制NETs形成.与NETs组相比,NETs+GSK484组细胞增殖、侵袭水平降低(P<0.05),S期细胞比例降低(P<0.05),G1期细胞比例升高(P<0.05).结论 PAD4介导的NETs通过激活细胞周期进展,促进甲状腺癌细胞增殖和侵袭,加速甲状腺癌疾病进展.

目的 探究GSK484对强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neu-trophil extracellular traps,NETs)形成和炎症反应的作用及其相关机制.方法 检测AS患者和健康受试者外周血PAD4、H3cit、IL-1β、IL-6水平和NETs形成差异.将30只Balb/c小鼠分为:对照组、模型组、GSK484给药组.模型组、GSK484给药组进行AS造模,GSK484给药组造模后连续一周灌胃4 mg/kg GSK484,其余组灌胃同体积生理盐水.结束后比较各组小鼠踝关节损伤评分,NETs水平和PAD4、H3cit、IL-6、IFN-γ水平.结果 与健康受试者比较,AS患者外周血PAD4、H3cit、IL-1β、IL-6水平升高,NETs形成和IL-1β、IL-6水平升高.与模型组比较,GSK484给药组小鼠踝关节损伤评分、NETs形成和PAD4、H3cit、IL-1β、IL-6水平降低.结论 GSK484可抑制NETs形成,为缓解AS炎症反应提供了新的治疗策略.

Objective:Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is a highly heterogeneous and recurrent hematological malignancy.Despite the emergence of novel chemotherapy drugs,AML patients'complete remission(CR)remains unsatisfactory.Consequently,it is imperative to discover new therapeutic targets or medications to treat AML.Such epigenetic changes like DNA methylation and histone modification play vital roles in AML.Peptidylarginine deminase(PAD)is a protein family of histone demethylases,among which the PAD2 and PAD4 expression have been demonstrated to be elevated in AML patients,thus suggesting a potential role of PADs in the development or maintenance of AML and the potential for the identification of novel therapeutic targets.Methods:AML cells were treated in vitro with the pan-PAD inhibitor BB-Cl-Amidine(BB-Cl-A).The AML cell lines were effectively induced into apoptosis by BB-Cl-A.However,the PAD4-specific inhibitor GSK484 did not.Results:PAD2 played a significant role in AML.Furthermore,we found that BB-Cl-A could activate the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress response,as evidenced by an increase in phosphorylated PERK(p-PERK)and eIF2a(p-eIF2a).As a result of the ER stress activation,the BB-Cl-A effectively induced apoptosis in the AML cells.Conclusion:Our findings indicated that PAD2 plays a role in ER homeostasis maintenance and apoptosis prevention.Therefore,targeting PAD2 with BB-Cl-A could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treating AML.