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蔓长春花对草地贪夜蛾杀虫活性成分及机制研究
编辑人员丨3天前
为寻找对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda具有良好杀虫活性的化学成分,对蔓长春花石油醚、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和水萃取物通过小叶碟添加法、浸叶法和浸虫法,测定其拒食、胃毒和触杀活性.结果表明:蔓长春花石油醚萃取物对草地贪夜蛾3 龄幼虫的触杀活性最好,第1、3、5和7天的LC50分别为6.11、5.43、5.27和4.62 mg/mL.采用硅胶柱层析对蔓长春花石油醚萃取物进行分离,得到 22 个馏分,馏分 5 和馏分 7 的触杀活性最好.对馏分 5进行GC-MS分析,主要化学成分为对二甲苯(17.56%)、壬烷(20.92%)和十三烷(28.33%).馏分7经小孔树脂(MCI)分离后得到8个馏分,馏分Ⅵ的触杀活性最好,经GC-MS分析,主要化学成分为壬烷(19.09%)、十三烷(53.19%)和2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷(5.21%).对二甲苯的触杀活性最好,第1、3、5和7天时LC50分别为10.45、8.87、6.54和5.05 mg/mL.随着对二甲苯浓度的升高,乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase的活性呈现先激活后抑制的趋势,羧酸酯酶(CarE)的活性呈现先抑制后激活的趋势.
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编辑人员丨3天前
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右美托咪定对机械通气相关性肺损伤大鼠肺组织ERK/Na +-K +-ATPase信号通路的影响
编辑人员丨3天前
目的:评价右美托咪定对机械通气相关性肺损伤(VILI)大鼠细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)/钠钾ATP酶(Na +-K +-ATPase)信号通路的影响。 方法:清洁级健康雄性SD大鼠48只,体重270~320 g,4~5月龄,采用随机数字表法分为4组( n=12):对照组(C组)、VILI组(V组) 、右美托咪定组(D组)和右美托咪定+育亨宾(α 2肾上腺素能受体阻断剂)组(DY组) 。C组不行机械通气,自主呼吸空气4 h;V组机械通气(通气频率40次/min,V T 40 ml/kg,I∶E 1∶1,PEEP 0,FiO 2 21%)4 h;D组机械通气前20 min静脉输注右美托咪定5.0 μg/kg,机械通气期间以5.0 μg·kg -1· h -1的速率静脉输注,DY组给予右美托咪定前10 min时静脉注射育亨宾0.1 mg/kg,其余处理同D组。机械通气4 h时,取血标本和肺组织,测定肺湿/干重(W/D)比值与肺通透指数(LPI),观察肺组织病理学结果,测定肺泡内液体清除率(AFC)。采用Western blot法检测肺组织ERK、磷酸化ERK(p-ERK)、Na +-K +-ATPase的表达水平。 结果:与C组比较,V组与DY组肺组织LPI和W/D比值升高,AFC降低,p-ERK表达上调,Na +-K +-ATPase表达下调( P<0.05) ,D组上述指标差异无统计学意义( P>0.05);与V组比较,D组肺组织LPI和W/D比值降低,AFC升高,p-ERK表达下调,Na +-K +-ATPase表达上调( P<0.05),肺组织病理学损伤减轻,DY组上述指标差异无统计学意义( P>0.05);与D组比较,DY组肺组织LPI和W/D比值升高,AFC降低,p-ERK表达上调,Na +-K +-ATPase表达下调( P<0.05),肺组织病理学损伤加重。 结论:右美托咪定减轻大鼠VILI的机制可能与激动α 2肾上腺素能受体,抑制ERK/Na +-K +-ATPase信号通路有关。
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编辑人员丨3天前
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基于单细胞转录组学分析百草枯诱导帕金森病样小鼠大脑小胶质细胞差异基因及其功能
编辑人员丨3天前
目的:基于单细胞转录组测序分析百草枯(PQ)诱导的帕金森病(PD)样小鼠大脑小胶质细胞亚群差异基因和相关信号通路,为阐明PQ致动物大脑PD样改变的机制研究提供线索。方法:于2021年9月,将6周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠6只随机分为对照组和实验组(每组3只),分别以生理盐水、10.0 mg/kg PQ进行腹腔注射,每3天1次,连续10次注射造模。染毒结束后取小鼠大脑,进行10× Genomics单细胞转录组测序。根据基因表达特征筛选小胶质细胞亚群,进行基因本体(GO)富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析。进一步筛选实验组和对照组间小胶质细胞亚群的差异基因,利用生物信息学工具进行功能显著性富集分析。采用0、60、90 μmol/L的PQ溶液处理小鼠小胶质细胞(BV2细胞),通过实时荧光定量PCR实验验证差异基因己糖激酶2(Hk2)、ATPase H+转运V0亚基b(Atp6v0b)、神经调节蛋白1(Nrg1)的表达情况。结果:根据特征基因肌醇多磷酸-5-磷酸酶d(Inpp5d)和转化生长因子β受体1(Tgfbr1)将Cluster 7和Cluster 20亚群识别为小胶质细胞亚群,且该亚群反映小胶质细胞活化M2表型。生物信息学分析结果显示,所识别小胶质细胞亚群特征基因均富集到内吞作用;在分子功能方面主要富集跨膜受体蛋白激酶活性和细胞因子结合等功能。Cluster 7亚群上调基因主要富集于溶酶体通路、内吞作用等通路;下调基因主要富集于神经退行性疾病等信号通路。Cluster 20亚群上调基因主要富集于与PD相关的信号通路;下调基因主要富集于环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)信号传导途径、神经系统发育、突触功能等信号通路。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,与0 μmol/L比较,90 μmol/L PQ溶液处理后BV2细胞的Hk2 mRNA和Atp6v0b mRNA表达水平升高,Nrg1 mRNA表达水平降低,差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)。 结论:小胶质细胞在PQ诱导的PD样小鼠模型中被激活,且向M2表型极化,其功能与溶酶体(内吞)、突触功能及PD相关信号通路的调节有关。
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编辑人员丨3天前
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Functions of Lysosomes in Mammalian Female Reproductive System
编辑人员丨3天前
The lysosome is the most acidic membrane-bound intracellular organelle. Lysosomal acidity is primarily maintained by vacuolar H +-ATPase (V-ATPase) and counter ion channels. There are >60 hydrolytic enzymes in the lysosome for its fundamental digestive role. Lysosomes also play important roles in endocytosis, exocytosis, autophagy, and cell death. Studies that have implicated roles of lysosomes in the female reproductive system are reviewed here. In the ovary, lysosomes are implicated in the preparation of free cholesterol for steroidogenesis and degradation of regulators of steroidogenesis, regulation of follicular atresia, follicle rupture during ovulation, luteal cell survival, and luteal regression. In the oviduct, lysosomes are involved in endocytosis of both serum and oviductal luminal components. In the uterus during the menstrual/estrous cycle, lysosomes are associated with endometrial secretion, apoptosis, and menstruation. In the uterus during early pregnancy, lysosomes are involved in the temporal and directional changes of endocytosis, uterine epithelial acidification upon embryo implantation initiation, and embryo-maternal mutual communications via extracellular vesicles. In the placenta, lysosomes are implicated in nutrient transport and placental separation from the uterus for parturition. In the mammary gland, lysosomes are important for mammary gland development and involution. These findings suggest/demonstrate functions of lysosomes in multiple processes of female reproduction, from ovulation to ovarian steroidogenesis for pregnancy maintenance, and from essential in utero nurturing of developing embryos/fetuses via embryo/fetal-maternal communications, to optional postpartum nurturing of newborns via lactation. Future studies using genetically or modified animal models and pharmacological approaches will provide novel insights into the functions and mechanisms of lysosomes in the mammalian female reproductive system.
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编辑人员丨3天前
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耳石调节蛋白在耳石形成及维持过程中的作用
编辑人员丨3天前
耳石是附着于内耳椭圆囊、球囊囊斑上的钙盐结晶(主要成分为碳酸钙,还有少部分磷酸钙等),是囊斑的重要组成部分,在维持前庭器官正常功能方面不可或缺。耳石调节蛋白,如质膜钙ATP酶异构体2(plasma membrane Ca 2+-ATPase isoform 2,PMCA2)、Pendrin蛋白、碳酸酐酶(carbonic anhydrase,CA)、瞬时感受器电位V家族5/6(transient receptor potential vanilloid 5/6,TRPV5/6)等,在耳石的形成和维持过程中发挥重要作用。这些调节蛋白的表达异常、功能缺陷可导致耳石微环境Ca 2+、HCO 3-分泌障碍、内淋巴pH值下降及Ca 2+-HCO 3-比例失调,引起耳石形态结构、功能发生变化,从而导致前庭疾病(如良性阵发性位置性眩晕)。本文对耳石调节蛋白相关研究进行了总结,为相关基础及临床研究提供思路。
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编辑人员丨3天前
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ATP6V1B2基因突变所致疾病及发病机制
编辑人员丨3天前
ATP6V1B2(ATPase H + transporting V1 subunit B2)基因突变可导致显性遗传性耳聋-甲发育不全(dominant deafness and onychodystrophy,DDOD,MIM124480)综合征和Zimmermann-Laband综合征2(ZLS2,MIM616455)。DDOD综合征的患者临床表现为先天性感音神经性耳聋和甲发育不良,最新研究表明患者还存在学习和认知问题。ZLS2综合征的患者表现为牙龈异常增生、甲发育不良和智力障碍,但是若突变位点偏向ATP6V1B2蛋白中心,则突出表现为智力障碍和癫痫,而没有明显的牙龈异常增生和甲发育不良。ATP6V1B2基因编码液泡型质子转运ATPase蛋白(vacuolar proton transporter ATPase,V-ATPase)V1结构域的中B2亚基,V-ATPase对维持细胞内和细胞器正常的酸碱环境至关重要。目前认为该基因的致病性变异所导致的V-ATPase功能障碍和溶酶体酸化异常可能是DDOD综合征和ZLS2发病的分子基础。对Atp6v1b2 c.1516C>T基因敲入小鼠的深入研究发现:Atp6v1b2 Arg506X / Arg506X的小鼠存在明显认知障碍,海马CA1区受损可能是其病理基础。B2亚基和E亚基的相互作用减弱可能是V-ATPase功能障碍的潜在分子机制。深入分析比较ATP6V1B2基因致病突变所导致的疾病表型,并对致病突变进行功能研究有着重要的意义。
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编辑人员丨3天前
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ATP6AP2,a regulator of LRP6/β-catenin protein trafficking,promotes Wnt/β-catenin signaling and bone formation in a cell type dependent manner
编辑人员丨1个月前
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critical for various cellular processes in multiple cell types,including osteoblast(OB)differentiation and function.Exactly how Wnt/β-catenin signaling is regulated in OBs remain elusive.ATP6AP2,an accessory subunit of V-ATPase,plays important roles in multiple cell types/organs and multiple signaling pathways.However,little is known whether and how ATP6AP2 in OBs regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and bone formation.Here we provide evidence for ATP6AP2 in the OB-lineage cells to promote OB-mediated bone formation and bone homeostasis selectively in the trabecular bone regions.Conditionally knocking out(CKO)ATP6AP2 in the OB-lineage cells(Atp6ap2Ocn-Cre)reduced trabecular,but not cortical,bone formation and bone mass.Proteomic and cellular biochemical studies revealed that LRP6 and N-cadherin were reduced in ATP6AP2-KO BMSCs and OBs,but not osteocytes.Additional in vitro and in vivo studies revealed impaired β-catenin signaling in ATP6AP2-KO BMSCs and OBs,but not osteocytes,under both basal and Wnt stimulated conditions,although LRP5 was decreased in ATP6AP2-KO osteocytes,but not BMSCs.Further cell biological studies uncovered that osteoblastic ATP6AP2 is not required for Wnt3a suppression of β-catenin phosphorylation,but necessary for LRP6/β-catenin and N-cadherin/β-catenin protein complex distribution at the cell membrane,thus preventing their degradation.Expression of active β-catenin diminished the OB differentiation deficit in ATP6AP2-KO BMSCs.Taken together,these results support the view for ATP6AP2 as a critical regulator of both LRP6 and N-cadherin protein trafficking and stability,and thus regulating β-catenin levels,demonstrating an un-recognized function of osteoblastic ATP6AP2 in promoting Wnt/LRP6/β-catenin signaling and trabecular bone formation.
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编辑人员丨1个月前
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75例儿童肝豆状核变性的临床及基因变异特征
编辑人员丨2024/8/10
目的 了解儿童肝豆状核变性的起病临床特点,明确基因诊断在儿童肝豆状核变性患者中的意义.方法 选取2011年至2018年就诊于北京协和医院儿科门诊的75例肝豆状核变性患儿进行回顾性研究;进行铜离子转运ATP酶β肽(ATP7B)基因测序、多重连接探针扩增技术(MLPA)分析;对其起病时临床表现及基因检测结果进行总结.结果 75例儿童肝豆状核变性患者中,男女比例为1.27∶1,年龄为(6.5±4.0)岁(1.3~17.5 岁).55 例以无症状肝酶升高起病,所有患者铜蓝蛋白均<0.2 g/L,72例患者24小时尿铜>40 μg,其中29例患者24小时尿铜在40~100 μg之间,16例患儿K-F环阳性,可以临床确诊的共有16例(21%),有15例年龄均>7岁.75例进行了ATP7B基因检测,共检出48种致病变异.最常见的致病变异为c.2333G>T、p.R778L、c.2621C>L、p.A874V、c.2975C>T、p.P992L,其等位基因频率分别为30.49%、14.89%、9.92%.结论 对于儿童患者,多表现为无症状肝酶升高,K-F环阳性率较低,临床确诊难度大.本研究临床确诊率为21.33%,基因检测对于该病的早期诊断和治疗具有重要意义.
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编辑人员丨2024/8/10
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V-ATPase与乳腺癌关系的研究进展
编辑人员丨2024/6/15
乳腺癌是当前女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,是女性癌症相关死亡的主要原因[1].治疗方式主要包括内分泌治疗、抗HER2靶向治疗、放疗、化疗以及手术治疗等.乳腺癌的异质性取决于调节肿瘤发生和发展的复杂分子机制.因此,研究乳腺癌发生、发展的分子机制有助于发现新的诊断标志物和制定新的治疗策略.
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编辑人员丨2024/6/15
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Unveiling a new regulator:Vacuolar V-ATPase mediates brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis
编辑人员丨2024/5/18
Plant growth and development are intricately regulated by hor-mones such as auxins,gibberellins,jamonates,cytokinins,and brassinosteroids(BRs).BRs are a group of plant steroid hor-mones that play a vital role in plant growth and response to the environment.
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编辑人员丨2024/5/18