马来西亚是位于东南亚的一个多民族、多元文化的君主立宪联邦制国家。导致民众死亡前3位的疾病是缺血性心脏病、下呼吸道感染、脑卒中，近年来下呼吸道感染、结肠直肠癌、AD发病率明显增加。马来西亚医保体系公私互补，传统医学包括马来医学、中医学、印度医学、顺势疗法及伊斯兰医学等。尽管中医药、针灸尚未纳入医保，但在华人的带动下应用较为广泛。目前马来西亚民众对中医药接受度有待提高，中医药教育体系有待完善，科研有待拓展和深入。希望未来通过推动中医立法，提高民众认知度，着重教育与培训、开展国际科研合作等，更好地推动中医药在马来西亚的发展。

"承制从势"思想源于"亢害承制"理论,认为机体与生俱来的"承制自稳"功能是消除"亢害之乱"的决定性力量,医疗干预当遵循"从其势,助其力"原则.新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)感染的本化病邪为具有湿毒属性的疫戾之气,多挟寒、热、燥、风等兼化病邪,治疗当"分期分型,辨证论治,宗法温病,承制从势".直接助力宜扶正祛邪,顺从制势,旨在增强承制自稳功能并直接清除体内新冠病毒,主要治法为宣肺祛湿败毒;间接助力宜对症打援,截断病势,重视基础病治疗,意在为承制自稳功能清除体内新冠病毒创造良好生态环境,主要治法为健脾散寒通腑.痰瘀闭肺是由重转危、由闭转脱的关键病理机转,须在"承制从势"思想指导下,综合运用直接助力与间接助力的各种治疗方法.

流行性感冒(流感)是由流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染性疾病.流感是中医药治疗的优势病种之一,中医药有效并可单独应用治疗流感,如何根据流感的病机演变规律进行辨证立法选方是关键性问题.国医大师周仲瑛教授防治外感热病的临证经验丰富,认为流感发病快,易从火化,传变迅速,治疗的重心应在卫气,在卫气同痛或气分证阶段进行阻截,逆转病情向顺势转变.流感的基本病机为“热毒犯肺,正邪相争”,治疗流感应及时尽早祛邪解热,主张采用复法合方治疗,提出“汗和清下、表里双解”复法的治疗思路.以“汗和清下、表里双解”复法治疗流感的系列研究,关键在于以临床疗效为载体,筛选出经反复临床实践且通过科学研究验证、具有较好应用前景的有效方剂,再借鉴网络靶标的研究方法深入探索方剂的药效物质基础与作用机理.

Objective:To assess the knowledge,attitude,perception and practice of Ayurveda,yoga,Unani,Siddha,homeopathy and naturopathy (AYUSH) among allopathic doctors and interns and determine their opinion regarding integration of AYUSH education within the allopathic curriculum.Methods:This prospective,cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching Hospital,New Delhi,India,from March 2016 to March 2017.A survey ofS00 allopathic doctors and 150 interns was performed using a structured questionnaire.Results:A majority of doctors (95.2％) were aware of the term AYUSH and had knowledge of yoga (70.6％),homeopathy (55.6％),Ayurveda (50.3％),Siddha (47.8％),naturopathy (32.9％) and Unani (28.9％).Most of the participants (63.0％) felt that therapies under AYUSH are effective.A majority (84.0％) of the doctors were of the view that more research is required in the field of AYUSH.While homeopathy (44.0％) was the most common system used by doctors for themselves,yoga was the therapy most commonly (60.0％) recommended to patients.Nearly half of the doctors (46.7％) recommended AYUSH to their patients,mainly for chronic illness (74.0％).A majority (77.5％) of the respondents agreed that students of allopathic medicine should be familiarized with AYUSH.The modes of incorporation of AYUSH into the medical curriculum most commonly suggested by respondents were optional courses (54.5％) and introductory lectures (42.3％).Conclusion:Doctors and interns of allopathic medicine are aware of AYUSH systems.They use it for themselves and recommend it to patients.They believe that familiarization of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery students with AYUSH therapies and their integration with allopathic medicine may help in improving patient care.

马来西亚的传统与辅助医药(Traditional and Complementary Medicine,T&CM)指以传统医学和辅助医学为主的医学,其体系由传统医学、辅助医学、顺势疗法及伊斯兰教医学组成,而传统医学包括马来传统医学、中医学和印度传统医学.2001年《传统与辅助医药的国家政策》明确指定马来西亚政府(以下简称"政府")从临床、药物、科研和教育这4个领域推动发展,协助体现传统与辅助医药在卫生、经济和社会中的价值.2007年政府首次将传统与辅助医药服务纳入政府公立医院服务体系,为促使传统与辅助医药成为马来西亚国家卫生体系中重要环节,迈向关键的第一步.《传统与辅助医药法令》(T&CM Act 2016)于2016年8月1日生效.随着各种立法,30年来传统与辅助医药的临床、医药、教育从行业自我管理过渡至立法管制;科研则从本地研究走向国际合作化研究.传统与辅助医药的作用随着全球化的大趋势,正在从维护国民健康的初衷,提升与拓展成国家经济增长的新热点和国家级文化遗产.

Background:Brazil is among the nations with the greatest rates of annual cocaine usage.Pharmacological treatment of cocaine addiction is still limited,opening space for nonconventional interventions.Homeopathic Q-potencies of opium and Erythroxylum coca have been tested in the integrative treatment of cocaine craving among homeless addicts,but this setting had not proven feasible,due to insufficient recruitment.Objective:This study investigates the effectiveness and tolerability of homeopathic Q-potencies of opium and E.coca in the integrative treatment of cocaine craving in a community-based psychosocial rehabilitation setting.Design,setting,participants,and interventions:A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallelgroup,eight-week pilot trial was performed at the Psychosocial Attention Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPS-AD),Sao Carlos/SP,Brazil.Eligible subjects included CAPS-AD patients between 18 and 65 years of age,with an International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnosis of cocaine dependence (F14.2).The patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups:psychosocial rehabilitation plus homeopathic Q-potencies of opium and E.coca (homeopathy group),and psychosocial rehabilitation plus indistinguishable placebo (placebo group).Main outcome measures:The main outcome measure was the percentage of cocaine-using days.Secondary measures were the Minnesota Cocaine Craving Scale and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey scores.Adverse events were reported in both groups.Results:The study population comprised 54 patients who attended at least one post-baseline assessment,out of the 104 subjects initially enrolled.The mean percentage of cocaine-using days in the homeopathy group was 18.1％ (standard deviation (SD):22.3％),compared to 29.8％ (SD:30.6％) in the placebo group (P ＜ 0.01).Analysis of the Minnesota Cocaine Craving Scale scores showed no between-group differences in the intensity of cravings,but results significantly favored homeopathy over placebo in the proportion of weeks without craving episodes and the patients' appraisal of treatment efficacy for reduction of cravings.Analysis of 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey scores found no significant differences.Few adverse events were reported:0.57 adverse events/patient in the homeopathy group compared to 0.69 adverse events/patient in the placebo group (P =0.41).Conclusions:A psychosocial rehabilitation setting improved recruitment but was not sufficient to decrease dropout frequency among Brazilian cocaine treatment seekers.Psychosocial rehabilitation plus homeopathic Q-potencies of opium and E.coca were more effective than psychosocial rehabilitation alone in reducing cocaine cravings.Due to high dropout rate and risk of bias,further research is required to confirm our findings,with specific focus on strategies to increase patient retention.

衡先培教授认为:早晚分治是物灵同源世界观和取类比象方法论的具体体现,指出顺应自然、阴阳气血的昼夜节律、自然药物的作用特性是早晚分治的理论基础,早晚分治应结合平衡、顺势、反势、适时四大原则.提出早晚分治的几个具体策略:邪正并治,早祛邪晚补虚;脾肾同治,早补脾晚补肾;阴阳双补,早补阴晚补阳;气火同调,早调气晚降火;以及早晚证、症分治等.最后以病案说明早晚分治的具体方法及疗效.

1. IntroductionThese comments are in reference to the article ' Awareness, practice and views about integrating AYUSH in allopathic curricu-lum of allopathic doctors and interns in a tertiary care teaching hospital in new Delhi, India," published in Journal of Integrative Medicine in March 2018 [1]. Firstly, I would like to acknowledge the authors for their good effort in taking up this research. To my knowledge, 99％ of allopathic physicians lack basic knowledge of Ayurveda but 67％ of them still prescribe Ayurvedic medications, especially patent and proprietary formulations [2]. Incorporating Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) into the curriculum of allopathy does not appear to be a better solution to the existing medical crises.

Throughout human history,doctors and healers have gathered and refined the knowledge inherited from the previous generations.Different methods of effective therapy have been designed during various historical periods;when each was developed,it was considered "modern scientific medicine" for their time.Mankind has gone through natural and social disasters and survived;hence,history has proved there was no time when medical knowledge was erroneous or ineffective.Classic medicine has grown to be divided into narrow,specialized branches,causing it to lose its holistic approach and general view on health,sickness and therapeutic methods.Many of traditional medicine's effective methods have been forgotten and removed from the mainstream medicine.It would be good for modern medical education to incorporate the general knowledge of historically effective therapeutic modalities and study practical cases.Medical students should be taught how to choose a "good method" or "good medicine" independent of when that method or remedy was discovered.However,he has to keep in mind the primary goal of medicine:"I will use treatment to help the sick according to my ability and judgment..."(from Hippocratic Oath).

The deadly global outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)has forged an unrivaled threat to human civilization.Contemplating its profuse impact,initial risk management and therapies are needed,as well as rapid detection strategies alongside treatments with existing drugs or traditional treatments to provide better clinical support for critical patients.Conventional detection techniques have been considered but do not sufficiently meet the current challenges of effective COVID-19 diagnosis.Therefore,several modern techniques including point-of-care diagnosis with a biosensor,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-associated proteins that function as nuclease(Cas)technology,next-generation sequencing,serological,digital,and imaging approaches have delivered improved and noteworthy success compared to that using traditional strategies.Conventional drug treatment,plasma therapy,and vaccine development are also ongoing.However,alternative medicines including Ayurveda,herbal drugs,homeopathy,and Unani have also been enlisted as prominent treat-ment strategies for developing herd immunity and physical defenses against COVID-19.All considered,this review can help develop rapid and simplified diagnostic strategies,as well as advanced evidence-based modern therapeutic approaches that will aid in combating the global pandemic.