目的:探讨前交叉韧带重建(anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,ACLR)术后2年,不同运动能力患者脑功能重塑的差异性以及ACLR术后重返运动的脑功能指标.方法:选择2017年1月至2018年12月于本院行ACLR术且术后满2年患者,分为重返运动者(CP组,n=7)与不能重返运动者(NP组,n=7),并选取与CP组匹配的正常人为健康对照组(HC组,n=8).运用静息状态功能磁共振成像(resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging,rs-fMRI)获取血氧水平依赖信号值,低频振幅(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation,ALFF)计算经典频段(0.01～0.08 Hz)、亚频段Slow-4(0.027～0.073 Hz)、亚频段Slow-5(0.01～0.027 Hz)信号变化,获取脑图并在不同组间进行双样本 t 检验(P<0.005).结果:在经典频段,CP组和HC组的小脑Crus1的ALFF值均高于NP组,枕中回的ALFF值CP组低于NP组;壳核的ALFF值CP组高于HC组,额中回的ALFF值NP组高于HC组.在Slow-4频段,枕中回的ALFF值CP组低于NP组,壳核的ALFF值CP组高于HC组;NP组额中回、小脑Crus2的表达高于HC组.在Slow-5频段,枕下回、中央前回的ALFF值CP组高于NP组,尾状核的ALFF值CP组低于NP组;小脑Crus1的ALFF值CP组高于HC组;小脑Crus1、辅助运动区的ALFF值NP组低于HC组,额中回的ALFF值NP组高于HC组.结论:ACLR术后重返运动者比不能重返运动者有较高的小脑重塑及较低的视觉代偿,且比健康对照者有较高的基底节区和小脑神经重塑,提示ACLR重返运动者发生了皮层下的功能代偿;Slow-4、Slow-5等亚频段对经典频段可进行补充,值得进一步研究.

本文研究了近几年迅速发展的以深度相机作为传感器的视觉SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping).相比于传统视觉SLAM方案中采用的K-d树或者K-means算法,本文提出一种基于K-means++算法的闭环检测方案,修正了系统的累计误差,提高了系统稳定性和定位精度.在系统前端,选用了基于ORB(Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF)特征的特征点法.后端包括位姿图优化和闭环检测,位姿图优化借助g2o(general graph optimization)通用求解器来实现,闭环检测采用了基于二维图像特征的词袋库模型.实验结果成功构建了清晰的三维环境点云地图并计算出精确的运动轨迹.

Color polymorphisms have been traditionally attributed to apostatic selection.The perception of color depends on the visual system of the observer.Theoretical models predict that differently perceived degrees of conspicuousness by two predator and prey species may cause the evolution of polymorphisms in the presence of anti-apostatic and apostatic selection.The spider Gasteracantha cancriformis (Araneidae) possesses several conspicuous color morphs.In orb-web spiders,the prey attraction hypothesis states that conspicuous colors are prey lures that increase spider foraging success via flower mimicry.Therefore,polymorphism could be maintained if each morph attracted a different prey species (multiple prey hypothesis) and each spider mimicked a different flower color (flower mimicry hypothesis).Conspicuous colors could be a warning signal to predators because of the spider's hard abdomen and spines.Multiple predators could perceive morphs differently and exert different degrees of selective pressures (multiple predator hypothesis).We explored these 3 hypotheses using reflectance data and color vision modeling to estimate the chromatic and achromatic contrast of G.cancriformis morphs as perceived by several potential prey and predator taxa.Our results revealed that individual taxa perceive the conspicuousness of morphs differently.Therefore,the multiple prey hypothesis and,in part,the multiple predator hypothesis may explain the evolution of color polymorphism in G.cancriformis,even in the presence of anti-apostatic selection.The flower mimicry hypothesis received support by color metrics,but not by color vision models.Other parameters not evaluated by color vision models could also affect the perception of morphs and influence morph survival and polymorphism stability.

圆形糠秕孢子菌和卵圆形糠秕孢子菌(简称P.orb,P.ov)是花斑癣的致病菌,可存在于皮损处,但亦可在90-100%健康成人的皮肤上检出 [1]提示其存在与发病无明显相关关系.

圆形糠秕孢子菌(P.orb)和卵圆形糠秕孢子菌(P.ov)不仅是花斑癣的致病菌而且还与多种疾病的发病有关,但两菌的同一性问题,目前仍有争议.

本文报告80例正常人皮肤的圆形糠秕孢子菌(Pityrosporum orbiculure, P.orb)或(和)卵形糠秕孢子菌(P.ovale,P.ov)的带菌情况.将用皮肤擦洗的方法收集的标本接种在含菜子油的培养基中,有34例(42.5%)培养出p.orb或(和)P.ov.阳性者中的最小和最大年龄分别为13和71岁.发现正常人所带菌的活力较花斑癣病人低,且不同个体之间差异较大,菌落多少与孢子的形态有关.

作者采用糠秕孢子菌培养基对皮肤表面糠秕孢子菌进行了临床分离的研究.分离培养标本取自花斑癣皮损(试验组Ⅰ),花斑癣患者正常皮肤(试验组Ⅱ),脂溢性皮炎皮损(试验组Ⅲ),健康人正常皮肤(试验组Ⅳ).研究结果表明:4个试验组均见糠秕孢子菌生长.试验组I分离的糠秕孢子菌主要为圆形糠秕孢子菌(P.orb.),试验组Ⅰ分离的糠批抱子菌主要为卵圆形糠秕孢子菌(P.ov.).

本文用酮康唑每日一次和隔日一次口服200mg对85例花斑癣进行治疗和观察,并测定KCZ对P.orb/ov的MICs和血药峰浓度以及观察隔日服药者皮屑中病原体的超微结构变化.发现两种用法的疗效同样显著且隔日者副作用更小,血药峰浓度(4.20-6.15μg/ml)远高于MICs(0.09-0.22μ/ml).即使隔日疗法亦可见明显的病原体损伤现象,示隔日疗法经济实用.

为了探讨体外圆形糠秕孢子菌(P.orb)菌丝相形成的某些条件和间接地了解花斑癣发病的部分原因,我们利用含胆固醇半固体培养基初步培养出该菌菌丝相,研究了该菌菌丝相形成与培养基中胆固醇浓度、琼脂浓度之间的关系.结果表明,P.orb在含胆固醇1.0g/dl、琼脂0.8g/dl的培养基上培养4～6天后开始有菌丝形成,以后菌丝渐多,10～12天达高峰.多为芽生菌丝,呈球拍状.长约8μm～16μm.簇集性分布.0.25g/dl是胆固醇在体外诱导P.orb菌丝相形成的最低阈值浓度.在0.25g/dl～1.0g/dl范围内,胆固醇浓度愈高,P.orb菌丝愈多.超过1.0g/dl后,胆固醇浓度再增加,菌丝增加不明显.相对高湿度(0.8g/dl琼脂)较适于P.orb菌丝形成.实验结果提示,花斑癣在夏季发病或复发有可能与夏季反复出汗、汗液蒸发后体表胆固醇浓度等改变有关.

1951年Gordon从花斑癣病人皮损和正常皮肤及健康对照者的正常皮肤上培养出圆形糠秕孢子菌(以下简称P.orb.)。P.orb.是正常人体皮肤菌丛之一,且为花斑癣的病原菌。