目的:探讨富含α-2巨球蛋白的血清（A2MRS）治疗大鼠膝关节创伤性骨关节炎的效果。方法:取2个月龄、体重为250~300 g的80只SD雄性大鼠，随机分为4组（ n=20）：A2MRS高剂量组、A2MRS低剂量组、阳性对照组大鼠采用前交叉韧带（ACL）切断术制备膝关节创伤性骨关节炎模型，分别给予含α-2巨球蛋白20 μg/μL的A2MRS、10 μg/μL的A2MRS、生理盐水处理；空白对照组行膝关节假手术切开，给予生理盐水治疗。采用苏木精-伊红染色、甲苯胺蓝染色、番红O固绿染色、改良Mankin评分、国际骨关节炎研究学会（OARSI）评分评估A2MRS治疗大鼠膝关节创伤性骨关节炎的效果。比较4组大鼠的治疗效果。 结果:与空白对照组相比，阳性对照组大鼠的软骨变薄、表面不完整、有明显的裂隙，软骨细胞减少、分布不均匀。阳性对照组大鼠的改良Mankin评分[（3.89±0.93）分]和OARSI评分[（10.05±0.72）分]均显著高于空白对照组大鼠[（0.67±0.07）、(3.10±0.29）分]，差异均有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。与阳性对照组相比，A2MRS高剂量组和A2MRS低剂量组的软骨厚度增加、表面基本完整，无明显的裂隙，软骨细胞增加、分布较均匀。A2MRS高剂量组和A2MRS低剂量组大鼠的改良Mankin评分[（1.33±0.50）、（1.56±0.53）分]、OARSI评分[（6.30±0.64）、（4.75±0.66）分]均显著低于阳性对照组大鼠，差异均有统计学意义（ P<0.05）；而A2MRS高剂量组与A2MRS低剂量组之间比较差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。 结论:A2MRS可有效延缓膝关节创伤性骨关节炎的病理进程。

目的 研究急性化脓性脑膜炎(PM)患儿脑脊液分泌型CD163(sCD163)、α2巨球蛋白(A2M)的水平及两者与患儿不良预后的关系.方法 收集2020年1月-2022年1月海南医学院附属海南医院/海南省人民医院儿科诊治PM患儿114例为PM组,根据中枢神经系统功能障碍的程度,分为重症亚组(n=38)和普通亚组(n=76),依据出院6个月时格拉斯哥(Glasgow)预后评分,分为预后良好亚组(n=84)和预后不良亚组(n=30).以同期诊治的病毒性脑膜炎(VM)患儿60例为VM组,中枢神经系统非感染疾病患儿60例为对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测脑脊液sCD163、A2M水平;Logistic回归分析PM预后影响因素;受试者工作特征曲线分析脑脊液sCD163、A2M对PM预后的评估价值.结果 脑脊液sCD163、A2M水平比较,PM组＞VM组＞对照组(F/P=1 522.470/＜0.001,1 487.801/＜0.001);重症亚组 PM 患儿脑脊液 sCD163、A2M 水平高于普通亚组(t/P=17.900/＜0.001,14.896/＜0.001);预后不良亚组PM患儿休克比例及脑脊液WBC、CRP、sCD163、A2M均明显高于预后良好亚组(x2/t/P=4.878/0.027,7.612/＜0.001,16.100/＜0.001,9.522/＜0.001,20.939/＜0.001);休克和脑脊液 WBC、CRP、sCD163、A2M 升高是PM 患儿预后不良的危险因素[OR((95％CI)=1.237(1.054～1.453),1.172(1.104～1.355),1.202(1.208～1.406),1.210(1.057～1.386),1.156(1.040～1.285)];脑脊液 sCD163、A2M 二者联合诊断 PM 的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.929,大于脑脊液sCD163、A2M各自单项的0.880、0.841(Z=4.572、5.358,P均＜0.001).结论 PM患儿脑脊液中sCD163、A2M水平异常升高,两者与患儿病情程度有关,两者联合对评估PM患儿不良预后具有较高的预测价值.

目的:研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者外周血α2巨球蛋白(alpha 2 macro-globulin,A2M)与免疫细胞浸润的相关性.方法:对GSE38974数据集进行综合分析.GO富集、KEGG分析和GSVA分析用于探索潜在的功能和通路.CIBERSORT用于评估组织浸润性免疫细胞.收集25例稳定期COPD患者和26例健康对照,分析外周血A2M水平与免疫细胞计数的相关性.ELISA检测血浆中A2M的浓度.RT-qPCR检测细胞和外周血中A2M mRNA的表达水平.Western blot法检测M2型巨噬细胞表面标志物精氨酸酶(arginase-1,Arg-1)的表达水平.采用Pearson相关分析进行相关性分析.ROC曲线判断A2M的诊断灵敏度与特异度.结果:对GSE38974数据集的差异表达基因进行生物信息学分析发现,A2M在COPD患者肺组织中表达下降,且与COPD患者肺组织的免疫细胞浸润相关.RT-qPCR和ELISA结果显示,A2M水平在COPD患者外周血中下调,与COPD患者淋巴细胞、单核细胞具有相关性.ROC曲线提示A2M具有诊断COPD的价值.进一步的通路分析提示A2M可能与巨噬细胞等调节免疫途径相关.在M2巨噬细胞中敲低A2M后Arg-1的表达降低.结论:A2M在COPD患者肺组织与外周血中表达降低,与COPD患者免疫细胞计数、免疫细胞浸润等密切相关,A2M可能在巨噬细胞向M2型极化的过程中发挥了重要作用.

目的 探究肺癌骨转移患者血清非编码RNA转移相关肺腺癌转录本1(lncRNA MALAT1)和非编码RNAα-2-巨球蛋白反义RNA 1(lncRNA A2M-AS1)表达水平及临床价值.方法 选取 2021 年 9 月至 2022 年 9 月在哈励逊国际和平医院经过病理学检查确诊为肺癌的 164 例患者为肺癌组,其中经骨骼ECT检查发现 84 例者骨转移为骨转移组,80 例无骨转移者为无骨转移组.同期选取 80 例肺部良性疾病患者为对照组.采用qRT-PCR法检测血清lncRNA MALAT1 和lncRNA A2M-AS1 表达水平;Pearson法分析lncRNA MALAT1 和lncRNA A2M-AS1 表达的相关性;ROC曲线分析 lncRNA MALAT1 和 ln-cRNA A2M-AS1 对肺癌骨转移的诊断价值.结果 与对照组相比,肺癌组血清中lncRNA MALAT1 表达水平显著升高(P<0.001),lncRNA A2M-AS1 表达水平显著降低(P<0.001).与无骨转移组相比,骨转移组血清中lncRNA MALAT1 表达水平显著升高(P<0.001),lncRNA A2M-AS1 表达水平显著降低(P<0.001).相关性分析显示,肺癌骨转移患者血清中lncRNA MAL-AT1 和lncRNA A2M-AS1 表达水平呈负相关(r=-0.369,P<0.001).lncRNA MALAT1 和lncRNA A2M-AS1 联合诊断肺癌骨转移的AUC高于两者单独诊断(P<0.05).结论 肺癌骨转移患者血清中lncRNA MALAT1 表达水平显著升高,lncRNA A2M-AS1 表达水平显著降低,两者联合对肺癌骨转移具有一定的诊断价值.

α2-巨球蛋白(α2-MG)是血浆中相对分子质量最大的蛋白质,由肝细胞与单核-巨噬细胞系统合成,是由4个相同的亚基组成的同源四聚体结构.α2-MG是血浆中一种广谱的蛋白酶抑制剂,参与多种疾病的病理生理过程.文章对α2-MG的结构和功能及其糖基化进行了简要阐述,并对α2-MG与肝癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、非小细胞肺癌和其他常见恶性肿瘤的关系以及α2-MG糖基化与恶性肿瘤关系的研究进展进行了综述.

[目的]研究α2-巨球蛋白(α2M)对X线照射后人皮肤成纤维细胞(HSF)超氧阴离子(.O2-)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和HSF细胞向肌成纤维细胞转化过程中的影响.[方法]分别使用0、5、10、15、20 Gy X线照射HSF细胞,在照射后第1天检测细胞培养基上清液中.O2-含量、SOD活性的变化,在照射后第5天采用Western blot检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的蛋白表达变化,以选定合适的照射剂量.用以上合适剂量照射HSF细胞,分别于照射前1 h、照射后1 h实验组细胞培养基中加入终浓度为0.25 mg/mL,0.5 mg/mL的α2M,检测并比较不同实验组细胞培养基上清液中.O2-含量、SOD活性和α-SMA蛋白表达的变化情况.[结果]5~20 Gy X线照射HSF细胞后,.O2-含量逐渐增多,SOD活性逐渐降低,α-SMA蛋白表达量逐渐升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).10 Gy X线照射后1 h加入α2M,可明显减少照射后HSF细胞.O2-含量,提高SOD活性,下调放射后HSF细胞α-SMA的蛋白表达,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),照射前1 h给药则无明显变化.[结论]X线照射后的HSF细胞明显增加.O2-释放量,同时SOD活性降低,并有向肌成纤维细胞转化的趋势;而X线照射后加入α2M可明显减少受照射HSF细胞的.O2-释放量,提高其SOD活性,并抑制向肌成纤维细胞转化的趋势,说明α2M可通过抗氧化和抗纤维化起到放射保护作用.

目的:观察和分析在X线照射前于大鼠下颌骨体局部注射α2巨球蛋白(alpha2-macroglobulin,α2M)是否对大鼠下颌骨放射性骨坏死(osteoradionecrosis,ORN)具有预防作用.方法:健康SD雄性大鼠18只,随机分为3组,每组6只.其中A组为空白对照组,B组为单纯X线照射组,C组为X线照射前左侧下颌骨局部注射α2M组.大鼠均经麻醉后使用3D打印装置固定,B、C组使用X线生物学辐照器对其左侧下颌骨进行精准照射,每天7 Gy,连续照射5d;A组假照射;C组在第1次X线照射前30 min于大鼠左侧下颌骨体部骨膜下局部注射0.5 mL 2000 mg/L的α2M,A、B组在同样部位注射等量无菌生理盐水(normal saline,NS).照射完成后第7天,拔除大鼠左侧下颌3颗磨牙.照射完成后第28天处死所有大鼠,从大体、影像学、病理学等方面系统评估各组大鼠的放射损伤.采用SPSS 13.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析.结果:B组5只大鼠大体上体重明显减轻、照射区黏膜重度溃疡、受照侧颊部脱毛、咬合关系紊乱;影像学显示明显的骨质缺损;病理观察发现照射区皮质骨空白骨陷窝增多、死骨形成、纤维增生等骨坏死典型症状,证实发生下颌骨ORN,发生率为5/6;与B组相比,C组大鼠大体上仅表现为轻度体重下降及照射区脱毛,影像学上未见明显骨质缺损,病理观察仅见骨髓腔内轻微炎症,皮质骨无明显破坏,骨陷窝空虚率较B组显著降低(P＜0.001);C组大鼠下颌骨ORN发生率为零.结论:X线照射前注射α2M对下颌骨ORN的发生具有较好的预防作用.

Objective:To explore influence of electroacupuncture (EA) therapy of tonifying the kidney and regulating governor vessel on amyloid beta (Aβ) related degradation enzymes in the hippocampus of a rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by Aβ1-42.Methods:Forty Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:a normal group,a sham operation group,a model group and an EA group,10 rats in each one.The rats in normal group were normally fed.The rats in sham operation group were bilaterally injected in the hippocampus with 5 μL of saline and they were normally fed after the injection.The rats in the model group and the EA group were bilaterally injected in the hippocampus with 5 μL of Aβ1-42 on each side.Rats in the EA group received EA of 5 Hz continuous wave at the "Bǎihuì (百会 GV20)" and bilateral "Shènshū (肾俞 BL23)" for a duration of 15 min per time every day and continuously for 15 days.After 15 days,the hippocampal expression levels of insulin degrading enzyme (IDE),lipoprotein (LPL),transthyretin (TTR),apolipoprotein E (APoE),α2 macmglobulin (α2M) and Aβ1-42 of the 4 groups were tested by Western blot.Results:Compared with the sham operation group,the expression levels of IDE,LPL,TTR,APoE and α2M in the hippocampus were significantly lower (P＜0.05,P＜0.01) and the expression of Aβ1.42 was significantly higher(P ＜ 0.01) in the model group.Compared with the model group,the expression levels of IDE,LPL,TTR,APoE and α2M in the hippocampus of these rats were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01),the expression of Aβ1-42 was significantly higher(P＜ 0.01) in the EA group.Conclusion:EA therapy of tonifying the kidney and regulating governor vessel can enhance the expression of IDE,LPL,TTR,APoE,and α2M in the hippocampus of AD rats injected by Aβ1-42,and may consequently promote the degradation of aβ1-42 to help improve the pathological manifestations of AD and therefore delay its progression.

目的 研究血清中核心岩藻糖基化α2-巨球蛋白在原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)、肝硬化(LC)、慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的水平,探讨其在原发性肝细胞癌中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性研究.收集2013年1月至2016年12月在上海东方肝胆医院进行治疗的HCC患者193例、LC患者104例,同期收集健康体检者(HC)71名及长征医院CHB患者45例.建立核心岩藻糖基化α2-巨球蛋白的检测方法,并对血清中α2-巨球蛋白及核心岩藻糖基化α2-巨球蛋白进行检测,使用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析评价其对HCC的诊断价值.结果 HCC患者核心岩藻糖基化α2-巨球蛋白/α2-巨球蛋白×100(简称LCA-α2M％)[31.25(26.61～35.42)]显著高于LC组[26.00(22.30～30.64)]、CHB组[26.23(23.86～31.86)]及HC组[20.29(17.35～22.60)],差异具有统计学意义(H值分别为5.626、3.388和10.942,P均<0.05),以LC、CHB和HC为对照组,LCA-α2M％识别HCC的曲线下面积为0.768(0.725～0.808),AFP和LCA-α2M％两者联合曲线下面积可达到0.890(0.856～0.919).对于AFP阴性的HCC患者,LCA-α2M％的敏感度为77.42％(24/31).结论 LCA-α2M％对于临床辅助HCC的诊断具有一定价值,可提高AFP阴性肝癌患者的检出率.

Purpose:Urosepsis in adults comprises approximately 25％ of all sepsis cases,and is due to complicated urinary tract infections in most cases.However,its mechanism is not fully clarified.Urosepsis is a very complicated disease with no effective strategy for early diagnosis and treatment.This study aimed to identify possible target-related proteins involved in urosepsis using proteomics and establish possible networks using bioinformatics.Methods:Fifty patients admitted to the Urology Unit of Lanzhou General PLA (Lanzhou,China),from October 2012 to October 2015,were enrolled in this study.The patients were further divided into shock and matched-pair non-shock groups.2-DE technique,mass spectrometry and database search were used to detect differentially expressed proteins in serum from the two groups.Results:Six proteins were found at higher levels in the shock group compared with non-shock individuals,including serum amyloid A-1 protein (SAA1),apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1),ceruloplasmin (CP),haptoglobin (HP),antithrombin-Ⅲ (SERPINC1) and prothrombin (F2),while three proteins showed lower levels,including serotransferrin (TF),transthyretin (TTR) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M).Conclusion:Nine proteins were differentially expressed between uroseptic patients (non-shock groups)and severe uroseptic patients (shock groups),compared with non-shock groups,serum SAA1,APOL1,CP,HP,SERPINC1and F2 at higher levels,while TF,TTR and A2M at lower levels in shock groups.these proteins were mainly involved in platelet activation,signaling and aggregation,acute phase protein pathway,lipid homeostasis,and iron ion transport,deserve further research as potential candidates for early diagnosis and treatment.(The conclusion seems too simple and vague,please re-write it.You may focus at what proteins have been expressed and introduce more detail about its significance.)