[目的]文章报道了在云南省发现的兰科植物纤弱天麻(Gastrodia exilis Hook.f.)为中国新记录,比较和归纳了其形态近缘种勐海天麻(G.menghaiensis Z.H.Tsi & S.C.Chen)、葡萄天麻(G.putaoensis X.H.Jin)和白花天麻(G.dyeriana King & Pantl.)的分类特征.[方法]使用体视显微镜对上述物种野外居群标本进行解剖观察,并用接驳微距镜头的数码相机进行拍摄记录.[结果]纤弱天麻唇瓣与花被筒分离,唇瓣前部表面有2个明显的三角形薄纵脊,花被筒裂片先端撕裂状,易于区分.[结论]纤弱天麻是中国新记录兰科物种,该发现扩大了其分布区,也进一步丰富了中国植物资源和生物多样性.

Gastrochilus is an orchid genus containing 73 species of mainly epiphytic on trees or rocks in mountain forests of tropical and subtropical Asia.Previous phylogenetic analyses and morphological assessments have failed to produce a well-resolved phylogeny at the infrageneric level.In the present study,a new infrageneric classification of Gastrochilus is proposed based on thoroughly morphological and phyloge-netic analyses based on 52 species.Our phylogenetic analysis divided the genus into six sections including three new sections,G.sect.Pseudodistichi,G.sect.Brachycaules and G.sect.Acinacifolii.We also reinstate G.suavis to the specific rank.Furthermore,two new species,G.armeniacus Jun Y.Zhang,B.Xu &Yue H.Cheng and G.minjiangensis Jun Y.Zhang,B.Xu & Yue H.Cheng,are described and illustrated.A key to six sections of the genus is presented.

Cymbidium(Orchidaceae:Epidendroideae),with around 60 species,is widely-distributed across South-east Asia,providing a nice system for studying the processes that underlie patterns of biodiversity in the region.However,phylogenetic relationships of Cymbidium have not been well resolved,hampering in-vestigations of species diversification and the biogeographical history of this genus.In this study,we construct a plastome phylogeny of 56 Cymbidium species,with four well-resolved major clades,which provides a framework for biogeographical and diversification rate analyses.Molecular dating and biogeographical analyses show that Cymbidium likely originated in the region spanning northern Indo-Burma to the eastern Himalayas during the early Miocene(～21.10 Ma).It then rapidly diversified into four major clades in East Asia within approximately a million years during the middle Miocene.Cymbidium spp.migration to the adjacent regions(Borneo,Philippines,and Sulawesi)primarily occurred during the Pliocene-Pleistocene period.Our analyses indicate that the net diversification rate of Cymbidium has decreased since its origin,and is positively associated with changes in temperature and monsoon in-tensity.Favorable hydrothermal conditions brought by monsoon intensification in the early Miocene possibly contributed to the initial rapid diversification,after which the net diversification rate was reduced with the cooling climate after the middle Miocene.The transition from epiphytic to terrestrial habits may have enabled adaptation to cooler environments and colonization of northern niches,yet without a significant effect on diversification rates.This study provides new insights into how monsoon activity and temperature changes affected the diversification dynamics of plants in Southeast Asia.

Orchidaceae are one of the largest families of angiosperms in terms of species richness.In the last decade,numerous studies have delved into reconstructing the phylogenetic framework of Orchidaceae,leveraging data from plastid,mitochondrial and nuclear sources.These studies have provided new in-sights into the systematics,diversification and biogeography of Orchidaceae,establishing a robust foundation for future research.Nevertheless,pronounced controversies persist regarding the precise placement of certain lineages within these phylogenetic frameworks.To address these discrepancies and deepen our understanding of the phylogenetic structure of Orchidaceae,we provide a comprehensive overview and analysis of phylogenetic studies focusing on contentious groups within Orchidaceae since 2015,delving into discussions on the underlying reasons for observed topological conflicts.We also provide a novel phylogenetic framework at the subtribal level.Furthermore,we examine the tempo and mode underlying orchid species diversity from the perspective of historical biogeography,highlighting factors contributing to extensive speciation.Ultimately,we delineate avenues for future research aimed at enhancing our understanding of Orchidaceae phylogeny and diversity.

根据野外调查和查阅有关文献,新增湖北省野生兰科植物记录4属5种,分别为日本对叶兰(Neottia japon-ica)、无距虾脊兰(Calanthe tsoongiana)、齿突羊耳蒜(Liparis rostrata)、小沼兰(Oberonioides microtatantha)和巫溪虾脊兰(Calanthe wuxiensis),其中小沼兰属(Oberonioides)为湖北新记录属.这些新记录的发现丰富了湖北省植物区系资料,可为湖北省兰科植物多样性保护提供基础数据.

见血清是兰科羊耳蒜植物,其药用历史悠久,具有清热解毒、凉血止血、消癥止痛之功效,用于吐血,咯血,肠风下血,血崩等病症.基于中药质量标志物(Q-marker)理论,从见血清的中药药性、传统功效、化学成分、现代药理作用等多个方面对见血清的Q-marker进行预测.初步确定见血清的生物碱类、菲类、黄酮类可作为主要的Q-marker,为建立和完善见血清的质量控制及评价方法提供依据.

在西藏开展兰科植物资源调查过程中,发现了 2种石斛属(金石斛组)物种,通过文献和标本的查阅之后,分别确定为麦氏金石斛(Dendrobium macraei Lindl.)和西藏金石斛(D.ritaeanum King & Pantl.),两者均为中国首次记录.其中,麦氏金石斛与流苏金石斛(D.plicatile Lindley)近似,不同之处在于前者唇瓣中裂片边缘全缘,中裂片具2条纵脊,并仅延伸至唇瓣中部,先端凹;西藏金石斛虽然植株与狭叶金石斛[D.angustifolium(Blume)Lindl.]近似,但该种花很小,萼片和花瓣不具紫色条纹且唇瓣长达1.4 cm,侧裂片三角形,花期时容易区分.同时,该文还提供了该2种石斛属植物详细的形态特征描述以及解剖图版等资料,凭证标本保存于西藏农牧学院标本馆.该发现丰富了中国兰科植物本底资料以及潜在药用植物资源储备,对中国兰科植物的生物多样性研究和药用兰科资源的调查具有重要意义.

白及Bletillae Rhizoma为兰科多年生植物白及的干燥块茎,具有较高的药用价值.为了满足市场的需求,我国许多省份加大了对白及的人工种植,而人工种植白及的品质是我国白及产业高质量发展的基本保障.白及的品质主要由白及多糖、白及苷、总酚等有效成分决定.通过对白及块茎中白及多糖、白及苷、总酚在不同省份、种植年限、年龄的分布特征进行综述,讨论白及块茎中主要有效成分的影响因素.并探讨白及地上部分和须根的药用潜力,及对白及地上部分、块茎、须根下一步在品质、种植方面的研究内容进行展望,为白及地上部分、块茎、须根的资源合理开发利用提供参考依据.

The family Orchidaceae is of the most diverse taxon in the plant kingdom,and most of its members are highly valuable herbal medicines.Orchids have a unique mycorrhizal symbiotic relationship with specific fungi for carbohydrate and nutrient supplies in their whole lifecycle.The large-scale cultivation of the medicinal plant Gastodia elata is a successful example of using mycorrhizal symbiotic technology.In this review,we adopted C.elata and Dendrobium officinale as examples to describe the characteristics of orchid mycorrhiza and mycorrhizal benefits for host plants'growth and health(e.g.biotic and abiotic stress and secondary metabolite accumulation).The challenges in applying mycorrhizal technology to the cultivation of orchid medicinal plants in the future were also discussed.This review aims to serve as a theoretical guide for the cultivation of mycorrhizal technology in medicinal orchid plants.

玉凤花属植物的花形态变异多样,分类学问题复杂.为筛选出该属关键的分类学特征,该文以鹅毛玉凤花和粉叶玉凤花为研究对象,利用体式显微镜和扫描电镜,观察、比较了它们的花结构和合蕊柱超微特征.结果表明:(1)两种玉凤花的花结构差异显著,尤其表现在侧花瓣裂片的有无、唇瓣3裂片形态、花距与子房的长度比.(2)合蕊柱超微特征在两个种间明显不同,表现在退化雄蕊、花药室外壁细胞、"花药室管"外壁细胞、"柱头枝"及其与蕊柱交界处的乳突等结构形态.(3)花粉小块外壁纹饰在种间不同,鹅毛玉凤花具网状花粉外壁纹饰,粉叶玉凤花则为棒状→网状的花粉外壁纹饰.该研究认为,侧花瓣裂片的有无、花距形态多变、花距与子房的长度比、花粉外壁纹饰类型等是玉凤花属物种鉴定的关键分类特征.在前人的研究基础上,该文补充并分析了粉叶玉凤花的花结构及合蕊柱的超微特征,不支持粉叶玉凤花独立于玉凤花属.