Objective:This study aimed to investigate the role of the long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3)in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of bladder cancer cells and the potential mechanisms.Methods:Cell invasion,migration,and wound healing assays were conducted to assess the effects of MEG3 on the invasive and migratory capabilities of bladder cancer cells.The expression levels of E-cadherin were measured using Western blotting,RT-qPCR,and dual luciferase reporter assays.RNA immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays were performed to investigate the interactions between MEG3 and its downstream targets.Results:MEG3 suppressed the invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells and modulated the transcription of E-cadherin.The binding of MEG3 to the zinc finger region of the transcription factor Snail prevented its ability to transcriptionally repress E-cadherin.Additionally,MEG3 suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinase(ERK),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),and P38,thereby decreasing the expression of Snail and stimulating the expression of E-cadherin.Conclusion:MEG3 plays a vital role in suppressing the EMT in bladder cancer cells,indicating its potential as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of bladder cancer.

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA DNA损伤诱导的非编码RNA(LncRNA NORAD)通过miR-513b-5p/GREM1轴调节颅内动脉瘤血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖、迁移、侵袭和凋亡的机制.方法:采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法检测人颅内动脉瘤组织和正常组织中LncRNA NORAD、miR-513b-5p及GREM1表达.体外分离培养人VSMC,随机分为 对照组、LncRNA NORAD siRNA组、miR-513b-5p mimics 组、共转染(LncRNA NORAD siRNA+miR-513b-5p inhibitor)组、共转染阴性对照(LncRNA NORAD siRNA阴性对照+miR-513b-5p inhibitor阴性对照)组,分组转染后,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组细胞LncRNA NORAD、miR-513b-5p及GREM1 mRNA表达;采用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)和免疫荧光染色检测各组细胞增殖情况;采用Hoechst 33342染色和免疫荧光染色检测各组细胞凋亡情况;采用细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验检测各组细胞迁移、侵袭情况;采用免疫印记实验检测各组细胞上皮间充质转化(EMT)标志蛋白神经钙黏素(N-cadherin)、E-钙黏素(E-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)表达;采用双荧光素酶报告实验分析VSMC中LncRNA NORAD对miR-513b-5p、miR-513b-5p对GREM1的靶向调控.结果:与正常组织比较,颅内动脉瘤组织LncRNA NORAD、GREM1 mRNA表达明显升高(尸＜0.05),miR-513b-5p表达明显降低(P＜0.05).与对照组比较,LncRNA NORAD siRNA 组、miR-513b-5p mimics 组细胞 GREM1 mRNA表达、增殖率、Ki67 阳性率、迁移率、侵袭数及 N-cadherin、Vimentin 蛋白表达降低(P＜0.05),miR-513b-5p表达、凋亡率及Bax/Bcl-2、E-cadherin蛋白表达升高(P＜0.05);共转染阴性对照组各指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与LncRNA NORAD siRNA组比较,共转染组细胞GREM1 mRNA表达、增殖率、Ki67阳性率、迁移率、侵袭数及N-cadherin、Vimentin蛋白表达升高(P＜0.05),miR-513b-5p表达、凋亡率及Bax/Bcl-2、E-cadherin蛋白表达降低(P＜0.05).结论:敲低LncRNA NORAD可通过上调miR-513b-5p表达而降低GREM1表达,从而抑制VSMC增殖与侵袭迁移,并促使其凋亡.

目的 探讨lncRNA LINC00339 调控细胞自噬并抑制骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells,BMSC)成骨分化的可能机制.方法 以大鼠原代 BMSC 为研究对象,根据给予的处理因素不同,分为以下 4 组:敲减LINC00339 组、敲减BECN1 组、空载对照组、敲减LINC00339+敲减BECN1 组.分别应用ELISA检测试剂盒检测细胞上清液中ALP、BGP、PICP;Western blot检测成骨相关指标BMP2、Osterix、Runx2 以及自噬相关蛋白BECN1、LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ、p62 的表达;应用茜素红染色技术检测成骨分化;通过免疫荧光检测LC3 斑点.结果 与对照组相比,ELISA法检测结果显示siLINC00339 组ALP、BGP、PICP显著增高;Western blot结果显示成骨相关蛋白BMP2、Osterix、Runx2 和自噬相关蛋白BECN1、LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ、p62蛋白表达上调;茜素红染色后细胞视野可见成骨明显增多;免疫荧光观察LC3 蛋白明显增多,以上结果差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,siBECN1 组 ALP、BGP、PICP 显著下降,成骨相关基因 BMP2、Osterix、Runx2 和自噬相关蛋白BECN1、LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ、p62 表达下调,茜素红染色后细胞视野可见成骨明显减少,免疫荧光观察LC3 蛋白明显减少,以上结果差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而双基因操作的siLINC00339+siBECN1 组以上各检测结果分别与siLINC00339 组和siBECN1组相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但与对照组相比均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 lncRNA LINC00339 可抑制BMSC成骨分化,其机制可能与调控了BECN1 参与的细胞自噬现象有关.

Objective:The metabolic reprogramming of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cells is a compensatory adaptation to meet energy requirements for rapid proliferation.This study aimed to examine the synergistic effects of glutamine deprivation and metformin exposure on AML cells.Methods:SKM-1 cells(an AML cell line)were subjected to glutamine deprivation and/or treatment with metformin or bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide(BPTES,a glutaminase inhibitor)or cytarabine.Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay,and cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS)by flow cytometry.Western blotting was conducted to examine the levels of apoptotic proteins,including cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP).Moreover,the human long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)microarray was used to analyze gene expression after glutamine deprivation,and results were confirmed with quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR).The expression of metallothionein 2A(MT2A)was suppressed using siRNA.Cell growth and apoptosis were further detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively,in cells with MT2A knockdown.Results:Glutamine deprivation or treatment with BPTES inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in SKM-1 cells.The lncRNA microarray result showed that the expression of MT family genes was significantly upregulated after glutamine deprivation.MT2A knockdown increased apoptosis,while proliferation was not affected in SKM-1 cells.In addition,metformin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in SKM-1 cells.Both glutamine deprivation and metformin enhanced the sensitivity of SKM-1 cells to cytarabine.Furthermore,the combination of glutamine deprivation with metformin exhibited synergistic antileukemia effects on SKM-1 cells.Conclusion:Targeting glutamine metabolism in combination with metformin is a promising new therapeutic strategy for AML.

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一种长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码RNA，在多种生物学过程中起着传递信号、发挥向导、诱饵和支架等功能。大量研究证明，lncRNA可调控参与脂肪形成的一些关键因子，从而正向或负向调控白色和棕色脂肪的形成。它与腰围、腰臀比、空腹胰岛素和体重指数等相关，还参与炎性反应、肝脂肪变性及纤维化等过程。LncRNA可作为一种肥胖及相关代谢性疾病相关的新型生物标志物或治疗靶点，具有潜在且巨大的临床价值。

长非编码RNA(lncRNA)-母系表达基因3(MEG3)和微小RNA-21(miR-21)是抑癌和致癌因子。竞争性内源RNA(ceRNA)假说为研究RNA之间的相互作用提供了新的策略。MEG3可作为miR-21的ceRNA在乳腺癌、宫颈癌、胃癌、肺癌、白血病等恶性肿瘤的发生、发展、增殖、转移以及药物耐药、预后中发挥重要作用。

Background::As one of the early discovered long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), taurine upregulation gene 1 ( TUG1) has been widely expressed in a variety of tumors. Moreover, it promotes cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. However, our understanding of its importance in the pathogenesis of cataracts remains limited. This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which lncRNA TUG1 mediates lens epithelial cell apoptosis in age-related cataracts (ARC) by regulating the microRNAs (miR-29b)/second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases axis, and to identify more non-surgical strategies for cataract treatment. Methods::The messenger RNA expression levels of TUG1, miR-29b, and Smac were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in vivo and in vitro. The expression of the Smac protein was analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Flow cytometry and cell counting kit-8 assays were used to detect the cell apoptosis and proliferation rates, respectively. The targeted regulatory relationship between lncRNA TUG1, miR-29b, and Smac was verified by viral vector construction, co-transfection, nuclear and cytoplasmic separation, luciferase reporter assays, and RNA immunoprecipitation. Results::TUG1 and Smac were expressed at high levels in ARC and HLE-B3 cells treated with 200 μmol/L H 2O 2, whereas miR-29b expression was decreased. In vitro cell experiments confirmed that down-regulation of TUG1 could inhibit the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells. Mechanistically, Smac expression was negatively regulated by miR-29b. TUG1 competitively inhibited miR-29b expression and caused greater release of Smac. In addition, miR-29b partially reversed the effects of TUG1 on human lens epithelial cell line cells. Conclusions::lncRNA TUG1 increases Smac expression and promotes apoptosis of lens epithelial cells in ARC by competitively inhibiting miR-29b. This mechanism is the cytological basis for ARC formation. Based on these results, the lncRNA TUG1/miR29b/Smac axis may be a new molecular pathway that regulates ARC development.

目的:观察前列腺癌相关转录物6(PCAT6)在肝癌患者血清中的表达及其表达对肝癌细胞Hep3B增殖、迁移、侵袭和凋亡的影响。方法:定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)法检测2017年6月至2019年6月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的64例肝癌患者血清和正常肝细胞THLE-3、肝癌Hep3B、HepG2细胞株中长链非编码RNA(lncRNA) PCAT6水平；将肝癌Hep3B细胞随机分为空白对照组(NC组)、阴性空载体转染组照(si-con组)和lncRNA PCAT6沉默组(si-PCAT6组)，通过蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9、剪切的含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(cleaved Caspase-3)、cleaved Caspase-9、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)、磷酸化PI3K(p-PI3K)、丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶(Akt)、磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)蛋白表达；通过噻唑蓝(MTT)检测NC组、si-con组和si-PCAT6组细胞增殖；流式细胞术检测3组细胞凋亡率；Transwell小室法检测3组细胞迁移和侵袭。应用SPSS 22.0统计软件分析。结果:中或高分化患者血清lncRNA PCAT6高表达(60.94%)多于低分化程度患者(6.25%， χ2＝22.968， P<0.01)，差异有统计学意义，T分期Ⅱ～Ⅳ患者血清lncRNA PCAT6高表达占比(57.81)多于Ⅰ期患者(9.38%， χ2＝8.529， P<0.01)，差异有统计学意义；Hep3B细胞(3.72±0.67)和HepG2细胞(3.38±0.53)中lncRNA PCAT6表达高于THLE-3(1.03±0.14， t＝9.322、8.144， P<0.05)，差异有统计学意义。si-PCAT6组lncRNA PCAT6表达(0.21±0.11)显著低于si-con组(0.96±0.15， t＝9.915， P<0.05)，24、48、72 h细胞活力显著降低( t＝3.280、6.144、6.373， P<0.05)，差异有统计学意义。Western blot检测si-PCAT6组cleaved Caspase-3、cleaved Caspase-9蛋白、p-PI3K和p-Akt表达表达显著增加( t＝11.408、14.628、8.683、9.585， P<0.01)，差异有统计学意义，MMP-2和MMP-9蛋白表达减少( t＝10.568、10.814， P<0.01)，差异有统计学意义；流式细胞术检测Hep3B细胞凋亡率显著增高( t＝21.075， P<0.01)，差异有统计学意义；Transwell细胞迁移和侵袭显著降低( t＝12.816、12.707， P<0.01)，差异有统计学意义。 结论:HCC患者血清中lncRNA PCAT6处于高表达状态，与HCC分化程度、T分期有关，沉默lncRNA PCAT6可抑制其生物学行为，抑制Akt信号通路活化是其作用机制。

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA) ITGB1在胆囊癌组织表达及其对胆囊癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法:选取2018年8月到2020年8月我院收集的98例胆囊癌及其癌旁组织作为研究对象，采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)分析胆囊癌组织和癌旁组织lncRNA ITGB1表达水平；胆囊癌细胞系GBC-SD随机分为lncRNA对照组和lncRNA ITGB1 KD组，采用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)测定两组细胞增殖，采用划痕实验和Transwell实验分析两组细胞的迁移和侵袭能力；采用蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)分析两组细胞增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、黏着斑激酶(FAK)、MMP-13蛋白表达水平。组间比较采用 t检验。 结果:胆囊癌组织lncRNA ITGB1表达水平(2.72±0.37)明显高于癌旁组织lncRNA ITGB1表达水平(1.06±0.18)，差异有统计学意义( t＝38.931， P<0.05)。lncRNA对照组细胞24 h和48 h吸光度值(1.37±0.04、2.16±0.04)明显高于lncRNA ITGB1 KD组细胞吸光度值(1.05±0.04、1.53±0.03)，差异有统计学意义( t＝12.931、27.200， P<0.05)。lncRNA对照组细胞划痕愈合率[(84.21±6.30)%]明显高于lncRNA ITGB1 KD组细胞划痕愈合率[(41.80±4.92)%]，差异有统计学意义( t＝11.860， P<0.05)。，lncRNA对照组细胞迁移数量[(148.60±13.94)个]明显高于lncRNA ITGB1 KD组细胞迁移数量[(100.20±13.12)个]，差异有统计学意义( t＝5.653， P<0.05)。lncRNA对照组细胞PCNA、FAK和MMP-13蛋白表达水平(0.98±0.09、1.21±0.12、1.09±0.11)明显高于lncRNA ITGB1 KD组细胞(0.44±0.05、0.79±0.08、0.45±0.09)，差异有统计学意义( t＝10.531、5.841、9.101， P<0.05)。 结论:lncRNA ITGB1在胆囊癌组织中呈高表达，通过调节PCNA、FAK和MMP-13蛋白的表达水平，促进了肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭等过程。

肝细胞癌(HCC)是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，也是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。HCC中包含一类具有干细胞特性的功能性细胞亚群，称为肝癌干细胞(LCSCs)，在HCC的发生和发展中起重要作用。长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类新的基因调控因子，在肿瘤等病理过程和生理过程中发挥着多方面的作用。越来越多的研究结果表明，某些lncRNA在LCSCs中异常表达，并在不同分子水平调节其干性特征。本文就lncRNA在调节LCSCs的各种生物学功能中的潜在作用作一综述。