To better understand the aerodynamic reasons for highly organized movements of flying organisms,the three-flapping wing system in tandem formation was studied numerically in this paper.Different from previous relevant studies on the multiple flapping wings that are equally spaced,this study emphasizes the impact of unequal spacing between individuals on the aerodynamics of each individual wing as well as the whole system.It is found that swapping the distance between the first and second wing with the distance between the second wing and the rearmost wing does not affect the overall aerodynamic performance,but significantly changes the distribution of aerodynamic benefits across each wing.During the whole flap-ping cycle,three effects are at play.The narrow channel effect and the downwash effect can promote and weaken the wing lift,respectively,while the wake capture effect can boost the thrust.It also shows that these effects could be manipulated by changing the spacing between adjacent wings.These findings provide a novel way for flow control in tandem formation flight and are also inspiring for designing the formation flight of bionic aircraft.

Most flapping-wing aircraft wings use a single degree of freedom to generate lift and thrust by flapping up and down,while relying on the tail control surfaces to manage attitude.However,these aircraft have certain limitations,such as poor accuracy in attitude control and inadequate roll control capabilities.This paper presents a design for an active torsional mechanism at the wing's trailing edge,which enables differential variations in the pitch angle of the left and right wings during flapping.This simple mechanical form significantly enhances the aircraft's roll control capacity.The experimental verification of this mechanism was conducted in a wind tunnel using the RoboEagle flapping-wing aerial vehicle that we developed.The study investigated the effects of the control strategy on lift,thrust,and roll moment during flapping flight.Additionally,the impact of roll control on roll moment was examined under various wind speeds,flapping frequencies,angles of attack,and wing flexibility.Furthermore,several rolling maneuver flight tests were performed to evaluate the agility of RoboEagle,utilizing both the elevon control strategy and the new roll control strategy.The results demonstrated that the new roll control strat-egy effectively enhances the roll control capability,thereby improving the attitude control capabilities of the flapping-wing aircraft in complex wind field environments.This conclusion is supported by a comparison of the control time,maximum roll angle,average roll angular velocity,and other relevant parameters between the two control strategies under identical roll control input.

Flapping-wing rotor(FWR)is an innovative bio-inspired micro aerial vehicle capable of vertical take-off and landing.This unique design combines active flapping motion and passive wing rotation around a vertical central shaft to enhance aerody-namic performance.The research on FWR,though relatively new,has contributed to 6％of core journal publications in the micro aerial vehicle field over the past two decades.This paper presents the first comprehensive review of FWR,analysing the current state of the art,key advances,challenges,and future research directions.The review highlights FWR's distinctive kinematics and aerodynamic superiority compared to traditional flapping wings,fixed wings,and rotary wings,discuss-ing recent breakthroughs in efficient,passive wing pitching and asymmetric stroke amplitude for lift enhancement.Recent experiments and remote-controlled take-off and hovering tests of single and dual-motor FWR models have showcased their effectiveness.The review compares FWR flight performance with well-developed insect-like flapping-wing micro aerial vehicles as the technology readiness level progresses from laboratory to outdoor flight testing,advancing from the initial flight of a 2.6 g prototype to the current free flight of a 60-gram model.The review also presents ongoing research in bionic flexible wing structures,flight stability and control,and transitioning between hovering and cruise flight modes for an FWR,setting the stage for potential applications.

In response to the shortcomings of Dwarf Mongoose Optimization(DMO)algorithm,such as insufficient exploitation capa-bility and slow convergence speed,this paper proposes a multi-strategy enhanced DMO,referred to as GLSDMO.Firstly,we propose an improved solution search equation that utilizes the Gbest-guided strategy with different parameters to achieve a trade-off between exploration and exploitation(EE).Secondly,the Lévy flight is introduced to increase the diversity of population distribution and avoid the algorithm getting stuck in a local optimum.In addition,in order to address the prob-lem of low convergence efficiency of DMO,this study uses the strong nonlinear convergence factor Sigmaid function as the moving step size parameter of the mongoose during collective activities,and combines the strategy of the salp swarm leader with the mongoose for cooperative optimization,which enhances the search efficiency of agents and accelerating the convergence of the algorithm to the global optimal solution(Gbest).Subsequently,the superiority of GLSDMO is verified on CEC2017 and CEC2019,and the optimization effect of GLSDMO is analyzed in detail.The results show that GLSDMO is significantly superior to the compared algorithms in solution quality,robustness and global convergence rate on most test functions.Finally,the optimization performance of GLSDMO is verified on three classic engineering examples and one truss topology optimization example.The simulation results show that GLSDMO achieves optimal costs on these real-world engineering problems.

目的 分析肝病患者合并隐球菌感染的临床和菌株特征,为该类患者的诊治和预防提供依据.方法 分析2013年至2023年就诊于我院的肝病合并隐球菌感染患者的病例信息,对从患者分离出的隐球菌菌株通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法进行鉴定并用ITS测序法进行确认,采用多位点序列分型(multi-locus sequence typing,MLST)法对菌株进行分型分析,使用FUNGUS3对菌株进行抗真菌药物敏感性试验.结果 6例肝病合并隐球菌感染的患者中,男性3例,女性3例;年龄48～71岁,平均年龄61.0±8.0岁;肝癌、肝衰竭和肝硬化失代偿期患者各2例;除1例为皮肤软组织感染外,其余为血流、胸腹水、脑脊液和尿液感染.6例患者合并感染的隐球菌均为新型隐球菌格鲁比变种(Cryptococcus neoformans var.grubii),MLST分型均为ST5型.抗真菌药敏实验结果显示6株菌对抗隐球菌一线药物两性霉素B和5-氟胞嘧啶的敏感性为100％,对氟康唑的敏感性为33.3％,中介率为66.7％;6株菌除1株对伊曲康唑为非野生型(non-wild type,NWT)外,其余均为野生型(wild type,WT)菌株,6例患者隐球菌感染后均死亡.结论 合并隐球菌感染的肝病患者多为免疫功能严重受损的肝病晚期中老年患者,其感染的隐球菌以新型隐球菌格鲁比变种ST5型为主,对常用抗隐球菌一线药物氟康唑的敏感性较低,单用氟康唑治疗效果差.此类患者合并侵袭性隐球菌感染的情况需引起临床医生重视,对此类患者可进行常规隐球菌感染的筛查,以便及早诊治隐球相关感染.

目的:分析2021年8月北京市一起入境航班关联新冠肺炎聚集性疫情中新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2)基因组特征及变异情况，为疫情防控和风险评估提供参考。方法:收集此次疫情全部50例关联病例的呼吸道标本，使用数字PCR方法对病毒载量进行测定，使用高通量测序对病毒全基因组进行测定分析，对基因组数据拼接整理后进行变异位点分析及系统发生分析。结果:全部50例样本中病毒载量中位数为5.57×10 4拷贝/ml(ORF1ab基因)和5.85×10 4拷贝/ml(N基因)。共测定获得SARS-CoV-2病毒全基因组序列46份，均为Omicron变异株BA.5分支。其中21例与7例形成两个进化簇，内部全基因组核苷酸相似度高于99.993%和99.997%。 结论:该起聚集性疫情可能由两个传播链和其他散在感染共同构成，疫情病毒为境外流行的Omicron变异株BA.5分支。

目的:研究广泛耐药肺炎克雷伯菌（XDRKP）耐药表型特点及相关耐药机制。方法:收集山西白求恩医院2018年1月至2020年12月内分离的3 201株肺炎克雷伯菌并根据已有药敏结果筛选116株广泛耐药肺炎克雷伯菌纳入研究。基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）及梅里埃VITEK-compact 2进行菌株鉴定及药敏试验，药敏结果K-B法或微量肉汤稀释法复核。改良碳青霉烯酶灭活试验（mCIM）联合乙二胺四乙酸协同碳青霉烯酶灭活试验（eCIM）检测XDRKP碳青霉烯酶表型，并与碳青霉烯酶基因扩增结果比对。聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增耐药基因：碳青霉烯酶基因（blaKPC、blaNDM、blaVIM、blaIMP、blaOXA）；氨基糖苷耐药基因：16S rRNA甲基化酶基因（rmtA、rmtC、rmtD、rmtG、rmtH、armA、npmA、rmtB、rmtE、rmtF），氨基聚糖苷修饰酶基因变体［aac（6′）-Ib-cr］；喹诺酮耐药基因：DNA解旋酶保护蛋白qnr家族基因（qnrA、qnrB、qnrC、qnrD、qnrS），外排泵蛋白基因（oqxAB、qepA），氨基聚糖苷修饰酶基因变体［aac（6′）-Ib-cr］；替加环素耐药Tet蛋白基因［外排泵蛋白基因：tet（A）和tet（L）］，核糖体保护蛋白基因［tet（M）］，替加环素修饰酶基因［tet（X）］。对照分析各XDRKP耐药表型与相应耐药基因携带情况间的关系。结果:共收集到XDRKP 116株。头孢菌素类及喹诺酮类抗菌药物耐药率100%（116/116），碳青霉烯类抗菌药物耐药率99.14%（115/116），氨基糖苷类抗菌药物庆大霉素、妥布霉素、阿米卡星耐药率分别为95.69%（111/116）、94.83%（110/116）、88.79%（103/116），磺胺类抗菌药物耐药（44/116）与替加环素耐药（3/116）检出率较低。mCIM联合eCIM试验结果与碳青霉烯酶基因扩增结果一致率95.65%（110/115）。各耐药基因阳性率：blaKPC 90.52%（105/116），blaNDM 10.34%（12/116），rmtB 81.90%（95/116），armA 2.59%（3/116），oxqAB 65.52%（76/116），qnrB 6.03%（7/116）、qnrS 12.93%（15/116）、aac（6′）-Ib-cr 7.76%（9/116），tet（A）21.55%（25/116）。其余各耐药基因未检出。匹配分析发现，共有65株XDRKP耐药表型与耐药基因型不匹配，即抗菌药物耐药表型不能用携带相应耐药基因来解释。结论:XDRKP中各类耐药基因的广泛分布和某些基因［如aac（6′）-Ib-cr、oqxAB］的多重耐药作用是广泛耐药产生的潜在原因。不同菌株针对同一类抗菌药物可能携带一种或多种耐药基因。此外，部分菌株耐药表型与耐药基因不匹配，提示耐药基因的表达调控及存在其他耐药机制也与XDR的产生有关。

目的:综述有关飞行模拟器病（flight simulator sickness，FSS）的症状表现、发病机制、流行病学调查及预防措施，旨在为模拟飞行训练涉及的疾病预防与医学临时停飞等问题提供参考。资料来源与选择:国内外该领域的相关文献资料。资料引用:引用公开发表的文献资料40篇。资料综合:回顾了外军和我军在飞行模拟器训练中发生的FSS流行病学调查、机制探索与预防措施等研究进展。FSS属于模拟器诱发综合征之一，是由飞行模拟器训练引起类似运动病的生理功能紊乱症候群。FSS的发病机制可能与晕动病的感觉冲突理论、躯体不稳定理论有关。外军重视FSS的发病调查、风险评估与预防措施。我军对于FSS的系统调查较少，医学预防意识和措施与外军有一定差距。结论:初次使用模拟器者无论是否发生FSS，24 h内均不应参加飞行；对于严重或反复发生FSS者，可以在不影响实际飞行的基础上考虑适当用药。应在我军航空兵部队中开展FSS调查和相关研究工作，提高飞行员、训练人员、航卫保障人员和工业设计者的整体认知水平。通过制定相应的医学预防措施和提高模拟器人体感知觉仿真设计，加强对FSS的控制与预防水平。

目的:总结脑静脉反流（CVR）在新发皮质下小梗死（RSSI）人群中的发生率，并探讨其与扩大的血管周围间隙（EPVS）的相关性。方法:收集2019年1月至2022年12月入住郑州大学第一附属医院神经内科且诊断为豆纹动脉区RSSI的住院患者。总结入组患者的基线人口学资料、既往史及实验室检查数据。在时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像序列上评估CVR，根据有无CVR将患者分为CVR组和无CVR组，比较两组间的基线资料及实验室检查结果。使用视觉评分量表对EPVS的部位和数量进行评估，将评分较高的EPVS定义为高级别EPVS（HEPVS）；同时对脑白质高信号和腔隙性梗死进行评估，并进行组间比较。通过多因素Logistic回归分析研究EPVS与CVR的相关性。结果:最终纳入豆纹动脉区RSSI患者571例，其中女性180例（31.5%）；年龄（59.37±12.87）岁；共有73例（12.8%）患者影像学检查结果显示存在CVR，即发生率为12.8%。CVR组（ n=73）与无CVR组（ n=498）相比，女性比例更低［21.9%（16/73）比32.9%（164/498），χ 2=3.578， P=0.059］，既往有吸烟史比例更高［38.4%（28/73）比27.7%（138/498），χ 2=3.499， P=0.061］，但差异无统计学意义；CVR组既往有饮酒史［34.2%（25/73）比21.7%（108/498），χ 2=5.621， P=0.018］及合并基底节区HEPVS［41.1%（30/73）比 25.3%（126/498），χ 2=7.999， P=0.005］的比例更高，差异有统计学意义。多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示，基底节区HEPVS与CVR相关（ OR=1.988，95% CI 1.190~3.320， P=0.009）。 结论:在RSSI人群中，基底节区EPVS与CVR显著相关，提示静脉功能障碍可能与EPVS的形成关系密切。

目的:探讨降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP） rs155209和受体活性蛋白1（RAMP1）rs3754701两个基因位点突变是否与干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎（乙肝）预后有关。方法:采用调查问卷的方法收集317例研究对象的一般资料，收集其抗凝血，提取DNA，用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱实验平台进行SNPs分型，使用单因素及多因素logistic回归方法分析CGRP及RAMP1基因多态性与干扰素治疗慢性乙肝预后的关系。结果:携带RAMP1基因rs3754701T者更容易出现DNA应答和ALT应答（ OR＝2.277，95 %CI：1.386～3.741， P＝0.001； OR＝1.694，95 %CI：1.073～2.675， P＝0.024），而携带CGRP基因rs155209C者更不易出现DNA应答和ALT应答（ OR＝0.150，95 %CI：0.083～0.271， P<0.001； OR＝0.583，95 %CI：0.367～0.925， P＝0.022）。 结论:在中国北方汉族人群中，CGRP基因的rs155209和RAMP1基因的rs3754701位点与干扰素治疗慢性乙肝预后有关，rs3754701T在干扰素治疗后的DNA应答和ALT应答中起保护作用，而rs155209C携带者不易出现DNA应答和ALT应答。