Background::The dermoscopic features of rosacea have already been reported. However, the current findings are incomplete, and little is known about phymatous rosacea. Hence, this study aimed to summarize and compare the dermoscopic features and patterns of three rosacea subtypes (erythematotelangiectatic [ETR], papulopustular [PPR], and phymatous [PHR]) in the Chinese Han population and to evaluate whether these features differ with patients’ genders, ages, and durations.Methods::Dermoscopic images of 87 rosacea patients were collected in non-polarized and polarized dermoscopy contact modes at 20-fold magnification. Dermoscopic features, including vessels, scales, follicular findings, and other structures, were summarized and evaluated.Results::The reticular linear vessels and red diffuse structureless areas of ETR were distinctive. For PPR, red diffuse structureless areas, reticular linear vessels, yellow scales, follicular plugs, and follicular pustules were typical dermoscopic criteria. The common dermoscopic features of PHR were: orange diffuse structureless areas, linear vessels with branches, perifollicular white color, orange focal structureless areas, and white lines. The following features statistically differed among the three rosacea subtypes: reticular linear vessels ( P < 0.001), unspecific linear vessels ( P= 0.005), linear vessels with branches ( P < 0.001), yellow scales ( P = 0.001), follicular plugs ( P < 0.001), perifollicular white color ( P < 0.001), red diffuse structureless areas ( P = 0.022), orange diffuse structureless areas ( P < 0.001), red focal structureless areas ( P = 0.002), orange focal structureless areas ( P = 0.003), white lines ( P < 0.001), follicular pustules ( P < 0.001), and black vellus hairs ( P < 0.001). Conclusions::The dermoscopic patterns of ETR are red diffuse structureless areas and reticular linear vessels. For PPR, the pattern comprehends combinations of red diffuse structureless areas, reticular linear vessels, yellow scales, follicular plugs, and follicular pustules. Meanwhile, PHR is characterized by remarkable orange diffuse structureless areas, linear vessels with branches, perifollicular white color, orange focal structureless areas, and white lines.

2022年欧洲肝病学会肝性脑病临床实践指南围绕肝性脑病的定义、诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗，为一系列临床关键问题提供循证医学证据答案，以研究对象、干预措施、对照、结局(PICO)的格式呈现。本编译版共识不涉及肝性脑病的病理生理学，亦不枚举肝性脑病的全部现行治疗选择，主要就上述临床关键问题的推荐进行摘译汇总，提供循证医学证据建立的方法和与这些证据解读相关的信息。

放射增强成像技术的问世对囊性肝病的诊断助益很大，与此同时，该疾病的治疗在既往几十年里日益成熟。因此，有必要提供全面的临床指南。本指南涵盖肝囊肿、肝脏黏液性囊性肿瘤、多囊肝病、先天性肝内胆管囊状扩张症、先天性胆管扩张综合征、胆道错构瘤和胆管周围囊肿的诊断和治疗。在深度回顾文献的基础上，本指南给出了解决临床困难的建议及其支持性文件。根据牛津循证医学中心系统对证据水平进行分级，并将推荐意见等级分为"弱推荐"或"强推荐"。本指南目标为提供最佳证据，为临床医师面对此类患者的临床决策提供参考。

古代文献对小儿汗证的论述很多,病因病机多责之于先天禀赋不足或病后失调所致的阴阳偏胜或偏虚,以虚证为多,治法大体为平调阴阳以使阴平阳秘,外治主要有粉扑法和敷脐法.因汗出过多可使小儿易于罹受外邪,并可进一步导致机体羸弱,故不可不治,但同时亦需注意区分生理性汗出与病理性汗出,以免过度治疗.