Objective::To describe and assess the repair technique and perioperative management for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak resulting from extensive anterior skull base fracture via extradural anterior skull base approach.Methods::This was a retrospective review conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery of the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital from January 2015 to April 2020. Patients with traumatic CSF rhinorrhea resulting from extensive anterior skull base fracture treated surgically via extended extradural anterior skull base approach were included in this study. The data of medical and radiological records, surgical approaches, repair techniques, peritoperative management, surgical outcome and postoperative follow-up were analyzed. Surgical repair techniques were tailored to the condition of associated injuries of the scalp, bony and dura injuries and associated intracranial lesions. Patients were followed up for the outcome of CSF leak and surgical complications. Data were presented as frequency and percent.Results::Thirty-five patients were included in this series. The patients’ mean age was 33 years (range 11-71 years). Eight patients were treated surgically within 2 weeks; while the other 27 patients, with prolonged or recurrent CSF rhinorrhea, received the repair surgery at 17 days to 10 years after the initial trauma. The mean overall length of follow-up was 23 months (range 3-65 months). All the patients suffered from frontobasal multiple fractures. The basic repair tenet was to achieve watertight seal of the dura. The frontal pericranial flap alone was used in 20 patients, combined with temporalis muscle and/or its facia in 10 patients. Free fascia lata graft was used instead in the rest 5 patients. No CSF leak was found in all the patients at discharge. There was no surgical mortality in this series. Bilateral anosmia was the most common complication. At follow-up, no recurrent CSF leak or meningitis occurred. No patients developed mucoceles, epidural abscess or osteomyelitis. One patient ultimately required ventriculoperitoneal shunt because of progressive hydrocephalus.Conclusion::Traumatic CSF rhinorrhea associated with extensive anterior skull base fractures often requires aggressive treatment via extended intracranial extradural approach. Vascularized tissue flaps are ideal grafts for cranial base reconstruction, either alone or in combination with temporalis muscle and its fascia—fascia lata sometimes can be opted as free autologous graft. The approach is usually reserved for patients with traumatic CSF rhinorrhea in complex frontobasal injuries.

目的:研究多发伤患者伤后不同时期的休克发生类型及特征。方法:回顾性研究2020年6月至2021年12月间收治于多家创伤中心的多发伤患者，入选年龄>18岁多发伤患者；排除受伤到入组时间>48 h，及有恶性肿瘤史，慢性消耗性、代谢性或免疫性疾病史者。伤后48 h内为伤后早期，伤后48 h至14 d内为伤后中期。收集患者疾病史、临床表现、实验室检验、影像学检查、损伤严重度评分、格拉斯哥昏迷评分等资料，依据各休克类型的诊断标准，观察多发伤后不同时期休克的发生类型及特征。通过 t检验、 χ2检验或Mann-Whitney U检验比较组间差异。 结果:多发伤后早期、中期休克发生率分别为73.1%、36.4%，组间比较差异有统计学意义（ P<0.01）。在伤后早期、中期两组中，低血容量性休克（hypovolemic shock, HS）患者（83.6% vs. 28.4%）、分布性休克（distributed shock, DS）患者（13.7% vs. 80.9%）、心源性休克患者（3.5% vs. 6.6%）的占比，组间比较差异均有统计学意义（均 P<0.05）；梗阻性休克（obstructive shock, OS）患者占比（8.4% vs. 9.7%），差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）；病因不明型休克占比分别为1.6%、1.2%。多因型休克在伤后早期、中期占比分别为9.5%与14.4%。伤后不同时期多因型休克共观察到7种病因组合，伤后早期以HS+DS最为常见（42.3%），其次为HS+OS（28.8%）；伤后中期以HS+DS最为常见（48.6%），其次为DS+OS（24.3%）。 结论:多发伤后休克发生率高，患者不同类型的休克可能同时存在或序贯发生，在制定休克复苏策略时应更加全面，以期提高多发伤的救治成功率。

胃癌是全球常见的恶性肿瘤之一，在我国发病率较高，严重地威胁着人们的健康。腹腔镜胃癌根治性切除术是胃恶性肿瘤外科治疗的主要方式之一，其在临床中的应用已有近30年历史。随着微创理念的深化及患者对美容需求的不断提高，单孔腹腔镜技术应运而生。自2010年首次报道单孔腹腔镜胃癌手术以来，其手术安全性逐渐得到了初步证实，但此结果仍需前瞻性随机对照研究进一步验证。单孔腹腔镜胃癌手术与传统腹腔镜胃癌手术相比，具有创伤小、术后疼痛轻和术后恢复快等优势，因此备受外科医师青睐。同时，由于单孔腹腔镜胃癌根治术的学习曲线长、手术难度大、技术要求高，限制了其在临床应用中的推广。目前针对单孔腹腔镜胃癌根治术仍存在着难点、争议和困惑，本文将就此展开回顾和展望。

Purpose::Traumatic lumbar hernia (TLH) constitutes a protrusion of content through a defect in the posterior abdominal wall, as a result of injury. This rare entity has been described in limited number of cases.Methods::A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology guidelines. The English literature from 1990 until 2021 was reviewed, using PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar bibliographic databases, to identify case reports and case series with patients that were diagnosed with TLH. For each eligible study, demographics, clinical presentation, hernia characteristics, preoperative imaging investigations, operation details, and postoperative data were extracted for assessment. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS, version 20.0.Results::A total of 62 studies were included for review, with 164 patients with TLH. Mean age was (42.6 ± 14.3) years (47.6% males, 31.1% females, gender not specified in 35 cases). Mean diameter of hernia neck was (6.3 ± 3.1) cm, while the triangles of Petit and Grynfeltt were affected in 74.5% and 14.6%, respectively. Patients diagnosed in the emergency setting account for 54.2%, with CT scan establishing diagnosis in all but one case (97.7%). A delayed diagnosis was made in 45.8%, at a mean 1 year following trauma. Flank bulging (82.8%) and chronic back pain (34.3%) were the most frequent symptoms. In both delayed and acute group, open surgery (63.6% and 92.3%, respectively) was the preferred surgical approach. Postoperative complications were reported in 11.4% of acute and 15.0% of delayed patients. Hernia recurrence was 7%.Conclusions::TLH is uncommon with 164 cases described since 1990. CT scan is the gold standard in diagnosis. Open surgery is generally the preferred approach, particularly in the emergency setting. Acute TLH can be treated either by primary suture repair or mesh, depending on the local conditions, whereas delayed cases usually require a mesh.

有关脓毒症患者抗凝药物的使用和时机以及肝素用量的研究较少，且目前关于肝素的使用是否能提高脓毒症患者的存活率尚不清楚。深圳大学第一附属医院吴明教授团队联合解放军总医院姚咏明教授团队在《Burns & Trauma》杂志发文《Early prophylactic anticoagulation with heparin alleviates mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis: a retrospective analysis from the MIMIC?Ⅳ database》，利用重症临床科研数据库MIMIC?Ⅳ对脓毒症患者的资料进行回顾性队列研究。该研究共纳入6 646例成年脓毒症患者，并将患者分为早期预防性使用肝素的肝素组（3 211例）和非肝素组（3 435例）。肝素组患者的住院病死率显著低于非肝素组(配对前病死率分别为14.7%、20.0%，风险比为0.77，95%置信区间为0.68~0.87，P<0.001；配对后病死率分别为14.9%、18.3%，风险比为0.78，95%置信区间为0.68~0.89，P<0.001)。肝素组和非肝素组患者60 d病死率和住ICU时间有明显差异(P<0.01)。在调整不同协变量的情况下，早期预防性使用肝素与脓毒症患者的院内病死率相关（风险比为0.71~0.78，P<0.001），并且在倾向性评分匹配后，仅给予5剂肝素与院内病死率降低相关（风险比为0.70，95% 置信区间为0.56~0.87，P<0.001）。亚组分析显示，肝素使用与脓毒症导致的凝血功能障碍、脓毒症休克、序贯器官衰竭评价评分≥10分、急性肾损伤、机械通气、革兰阳性菌感染和革兰阴性菌感染患者的院内病死率降低显著相关（风险比分别为0.74、0.70、0.58、0.74、0.73、0.64、0.72，P<0.001）。E值分析表明，考虑未控制的混杂因素，结果依然稳定。该研究证实脓毒症患者早期预防性使用肝素与风险调整后的病死率降低存在关联，后续可设计前瞻性随机对照试验以进一步评估该研究的结论。

目的:探讨手术治疗老年骨盆骨折的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年10月期间首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院创伤骨科采用手术治疗的55例老年骨盆骨折患者资料。男13例，女42例；年龄72.0（68.0，83.3）岁。骨折AO/OTA分型：B型47例，C型8例；脆性骨盆骨折（FFP）分型：Ⅱ型5例，Ⅲ型44例，Ⅳ型6例。所有患者伤后4.0（3.0，6.3）d行手术治疗。10例患者采用切开复位内固定：后环钢板固定7例，螺钉固定3例；前环除2例未做固定外，其余采用钢板、外固定支架或微创经皮骨盆前环内支架固定技术等固定。45例患者采用闭合复位内固定：后环2例未做固定，其余均采用螺钉固定；前环10例未做固定，其余采用螺钉、外固定支架或微创经皮骨盆前环内支架固定技术等固定。记录患者围手术期主要并发症、术后骨折复位质量、病死率及末次随访时骨盆功能等。结果:所有患者围手术期未发生严重并发症。术后骨折复位质量根据Matta评分标准评定：优31例，良14例，可8例，差2例，优良率为81.8%（45/55）。54例患者术后获（15.4±9.1）个月随访，另1例患者失访。4例患者术后1年内死亡，病死率为7.4%（4/54）。随访时间超过4个月的46例患者末次随访时改良骨盆Majeed评分为69（54，76）分；根据笔者单位制定的功能评定标准评定：优27例，良8例，可11例，优良率为76.1%（35/46）。随访期间3例患者发生内固定完全失效。结论:对于老年骨盆骨折，手术治疗可以获得满意的临床效果。

目的:探讨用释放后眶隔外团脂肪矫正上睑凹陷的方法及效果。方法:2017年1月至2020年6月，河北承德市口腔医院医学美容科就诊的上睑凹陷女性患者26例，年龄22~54岁，平均43岁。对26例患者行外团眶隔脂肪释放反向折叠重置术，将脂肪放置于上睑凹陷处，眶隔在中外侧做约4 mm切口，尽量保证眶隔完整。将术前和术后6个月患者照片进行比较，观察上睑凹陷的矫正效果及上睑形态。结果:26例患者手术切口均一期愈合，未出现感染，切口瘢痕不明显；术后6个月，19例患者效果满意；6例患者因脂肪不足效果有改善；1例患者因脂肪量太少，填充不到位效果欠佳，后用自体脂肪移植得到改善。结论:外团眶隔脂肪释放反向折叠重置术矫正上睑凹陷，手术效果明显、创伤小，值得临床应用。

目的:评估创伤后肘关节僵硬患者的异位骨化区域分布特点，探究出现不同位置异位骨化的危险因素。方法:根据纳入标准连续纳入2018年1月至2018年12月就诊于北京积水潭医院创伤骨科拟行肘关节松解的存在异位骨化的创伤后肘关节僵硬患者。收集患者基线资料及CT数据并通过Mimics 20.0软件进行重建，对患者的前内、前外、后内、后外、正后方、纯内、纯外、上尺桡等8个区域的异位骨化区域分布特点进行分析。将患者的原始损伤情况划分为肱骨远端骨折、尺骨鹰嘴骨折、桡骨头骨折、冠状突骨折、肘关节脱位5种类型。以是否出现某种位置异位骨化作为因变量，以原始损伤和基线资料等作为自变量，进行单因素分析后，将 P<0.1的因素纳入logistic回归分析，分别评估出现每种位置异位骨化的危险因素。 结果:本研究共纳入91例患者，其中88例（96.7%，88/91）后内侧异位骨化，62例（68.1%，62/91）正后方异位骨化，60例（65.9%，60/91）后外侧异位骨化，41例（45.1%，41/91）前内侧异位骨化，26例（28.6%，26/91）前外侧异位骨化，13例（14.3%，13/91）上尺桡区域异位骨化，8例（8.8%，8/91）纯外侧异位骨化，7例（7.7%，7/91）纯内侧异位骨化。logistic回归分析结果显示存在尺神经症状（ OR=4.354， P=0.017）、原始肘关节脱位损伤（ OR=2.927， P=0.042）是出现前内侧异位骨化的危险因素，而原始尺骨鹰嘴骨折损伤（ OR=0.277， P=0.023）更不容易出现前内侧异位骨化。原始桡骨头骨折损伤是出现前外侧异位骨化（ OR=2.891， P=0.033）和后外侧异位骨化（ OR=3.123， P=0.043）的危险因素。 结论:创伤后肘关节僵硬患者的异位骨化与原始损伤情况密切相关。后内侧异位骨化发生率非常高。存在尺神经症状、原始损伤存在肘关节脱位是出现前内侧异位骨化的危险因素，而原始损伤存在尺骨鹰嘴骨折更不容易出现前内侧异位骨化。原始损伤存在桡骨头骨折是出现前外侧及后外侧异位骨化的危险因素。

目的:比较切开复位锁定钢板内固定与闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的疗效。方法:回顾性分析江门市五邑中医院创伤骨科于2018年7月至2020年7月门诊或急诊收治的60例肱骨外科颈骨折患者资料。男24例，女36例；左侧35例，右侧25例；年龄40~70岁。根据治疗方式不同将患者分为切开组30例（采用切开复位锁定钢板内固定治疗）和闭合组30例（采用闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗）。记录并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、手术切口长度、骨折愈合时间、术后3个月的Neer肩关节功能评分及术后并发症情况。结果:切开组与闭合组肱骨外科颈骨折患者术前一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05)，具有可比性。闭合组患者的手术切口长度（5.2±1.1）cm、手术时间（34.3±12.7）min、术中出血量（52.5±7.3）mL、骨折愈合时间（9.2±1.5）周均显著优于切开组[（11.1±2.5）cm、（69.4±21.4）min、（123.5±5.2）mL、（14.2±3.4）周）]，差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)。术后3个月的Neer肩关节功能评分优良率闭合组（93.3%，28/30）显著高于切开组（66.7%，20/30），差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。两组患者均未见术后并发症发生。 结论:闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折疗效优于切开复位锁定钢板内固定。

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）是胆胰疾病诊治的最直接有效的手段。与外科手术相比，ERCP具有创伤小、手术时间短、并发症少、住院时间短等优点。肝硬化作为肝病的进展阶段，对手术应激的耐受能力减退，且在失代偿期可能存在肝性脑病、食管胃底静脉曲张、凝血功能障碍等并发症，这为ERCP带来了内镜操作的挑战及增加术中、术后并发症的风险。现对肝硬化患者行ERCP术的适应证、风险及管理控制进行综述和探讨。