Objective:Obesity-induced kidney injury contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Here,we identified the functions of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 19(USP19)in HK-2 cells exposed to a combination of high glucose(HG)and free fatty acid(FFA)and determined its association with TGF-beta-activated kinase 1(TAK1).Methods:HK-2 cells were exposed to a combination of HG and FFA.USP19 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR),and protein analysis was performed by immunoblotting(IB).Cell growth was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)viability and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU)proliferation assays.Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.The USP19/TAK1 interaction and ubiquitinated TAK1 levels were assayed by coimmunoprecipitation(Co-IP)assays and IB.Results:In HG+FFA-challenged HK-2 cells,USP19 was highly expressed.USP19 knockdown attenuated HG+FFA-triggered growth inhibition and apoptosis promotion in HK-2 cells.Moreover,USP19 knockdown alleviated HG+FFA-mediated PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin pathway inactivation and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation in HK-2 cells.Mechanistically,USP19 stabilized the TAK1 protein through deubiquitination.Importantly,increased TAK1 expression reversed the USP19 knockdown-mediated phenotypic changes and PINKl/Parkin pathway activation in HG+FFA-challenged HK-2 cells.Conclusion:The findings revealed that USP19 plays a crucial role in promoting HK-2 cell dysfunction induced by combined stimulation with HG and FFAs by stabilizing TAK1,providing a potential therapeutic strategy for combating DN.

目的:从"肺与大肠相表里"理论出发,探讨大黄对呼吸道合胞病毒(Respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)感染小鼠的治疗效果.方法:42 只Balb/c小鼠随机分为空白对照组、利巴韦林组、大黄低剂量组、大黄中剂量组、大黄高剂量组、病毒对照组,每组各 7 只.除空白对照组外,其余组小鼠通过滴鼻感染RSV造模,灌胃给药3d后通过Western bolt法检测小鼠肺组织中的病毒所带荧光蛋白(RSV-GFP)的表达;q-PCR检测小鼠肺组织病毒基因(RSV-G)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)mRNA的表达;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察小鼠肺病理学形态变化;冰冻切片观察肺组织病毒荧光情况;病毒空斑法检测小鼠肺匀浆病毒滴度.结果:与病毒对照组小鼠相比,大黄低剂量组小鼠RSV-GFP蛋白表达量降低(P＜0.05),差异有统计学意义;大黄各剂量治疗组的RSV-G、TNF-α mRNA相对表达量均低于病毒对照组小鼠(P＜0.05),差异有统计学意义;病毒对照组小鼠肺组织出现明显病理改变,肺间质增厚,组织毛细血管淤血,肺泡壁炎细胞浸润,各治疗组病理改变均有所减轻,肺泡壁炎细胞浸润减少;大黄低剂量组、利巴韦林组与病毒对照组相比,病毒荧光强度降低;大黄低剂量组、利巴韦林组小鼠肺部病毒滴度也较病毒对照组下降(P＜0.05),差异有统计学意义.结论:大黄免煎颗粒可抑制RSV在小鼠肺组织中复制,降低肺内炎症因子的表达,减轻炎症反应,提高小鼠生存质量.

Objective Microcystin-leucine-arginine(MC-LR)exposure induces lipid metabolism disorders in the liver.Secreted frizzled-related protein 5(SFRP5)is a natural antagonist of winglesstype MMTV integration site family,member 5A(Wnt5a)and an anti-inflammatory adipocytokine.In this study,we aimed to investigate whether MC-LR can induce lipid metabolism disorders in hepatocytes and whether SFRP5,which has anti-inflammatory effects,can alleviate the effects of hepatic lipid metabolism by inhibiting the Wnt5a/Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)pathway.Methods We exposed mice to MC-LR in vivo to induce liver lipid metabolism disorders.Subsequently,mouse hepatocytes that overexpressed SFRP5 or did not express SFRP5 were exposed to MC-LR,and the effects of SFRP5 overexpression on inflammation and Wnt5a/JNK activation by MC-LR were observed.Results MC-LR exposure induced liver lipid metabolism disorders in mice and significantly decreased SFRP5 mRNA and protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner.SFRP5 overexpression in AML12 cells suppressed MC-LR-induced inflammation.Overexpression of SFRP5 also inhibited Wnt5a and phosphorylation of JNK.Conclusion MC-LR can induce lipid metabolism disorders in mice,and SFRP5 can attenuate lipid metabolism disorders in the mouse liver by inhibiting Wnt5a/JNK signaling.

目的:研究清瘟败毒饮对内毒素引起的急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)小鼠的保护作用.方法:72只昆明小鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、地塞米松组、清瘟败毒饮高、中、低剂量组.膜腔注射脂多糖(LPS)建立ALI模型.给药第 3d、第 7d,每组各取 6 只小鼠处死.采集小鼠的血液,分离小鼠肺组织,测定小鼠肺组织湿干比(湿重/干重,W/D);ELISA与PCR检测小鼠血清及肺组织的相关因子表达;观察小鼠肺组织病理变化.结果:与模型组相比,清瘟败毒饮各剂量组小鼠肺组织病理损伤减轻,肺组织W/D下降,小鼠血清的白介素 1(IL-1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α),肺组织 Toll 样受体 4(TLR4)、髓样分化因子 88(MyD88)、核因子 κB(NF-κB)、TLR4 mRNA、MyD88 mRNA的表达水平降低,且不同剂量组之间呈剂量依赖性(P＜0.05).结论:清瘟败毒饮对LPS造成的小鼠急性肺损伤有保护作用.

目的:探讨UBE2C在肝癌组织中的表达及沉默UBE2C后对肝癌细胞增殖和侵袭的影响.方法:从TCGA数据库中下载肝癌患者的数据集,分析肝癌组织中UBE2CmRNA的表达水平,按照肝癌组织中UBE2CmRNA中位表达水平,将所有肝癌患者分为高表达组(n=169)和低表达组(n=205),分析与患者预后的关系,采用Cox回归分析肝癌预后的影响因素.选择人肝癌细胞系(HepG2、Huh7和SMMC-7721)和人肝上皮细胞系(THLE-3),采用Western blot法和实时荧光定量PCR法检测4种细胞中UBE2C蛋白及mRNA的表达水平.HepG2细胞系中根据是否沉默UBE2C,分为空白对照组、空转NC组和si-UBE2C组.分析UBE2C基因沉默后对HepG2细胞增殖和侵袭的影响.结果:肝癌组织和癌旁正常肝脏组织中UBE2CmRNA表达水平分别为4.342(3.239,5.635)和0.905(0.587,1.230),与癌旁正常肝脏组织相比,肝癌组织中UBE2CmRNA水平显著升高(P＜0.001);肝癌组织及配对癌旁正常肝脏组织中UBE2C mRNA表达水平分别为4.266(3.342,5.054)及0905(0.587,1.230),与配对癌旁正常肝脏组织相比,肝癌组织中UBE2C mRNA水平显著升高(P＜0.001).肝癌组织UBE2C mRNA高表达组和低表达组中位生存时间为48.85个月和69.38个月,UBE2C mRNA高表达组中位生存时间显著缩短(P=0.045).T分期(T3/T4)和UBE2C高表达是肝癌患者不良预后的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).相对于人肝上皮细胞系THLE-3,UBE2C蛋白和mRNA在人肝癌细胞系HepG2、Huh7和SMMC-7721中均显著高表达(P＜0.05),其中,UBE2C蛋白和mRNA在人肝癌细胞系HepG2表达最为显著.CCK-8结果显示,在72 h和96 h,与空白对照组和空转NC组相比,si-UBE2C组细胞增殖率显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).空白对照组、空转NC组和si-UBE2C组侵袭细胞数分别为(23.12±3.45)个、(24.33±2.83)个和(10.21±1.14)个,与空白对照组和空转NC组相比,si-UBE2C组侵袭细胞数显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:UBE2C在肝癌组织中显著高表达,且UBE2C可作为肝癌患者不良预后的一项生物学标志物,UBE2C基因沉默后能显著抑制肝癌细胞系HepG2的增殖和侵袭.

目的:探究黄芪总黄酮(TFA)对柯萨奇B3病毒(CVB3)诱导的病毒性心肌炎(VMC)小鼠模型Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路和细胞凋亡的影响.方法:将40只小鼠随机分为对照组、VMC组、VMC+低剂量TFA组、VMC+高剂量TFA组,每组10只.VMC组、VMC+低剂量TFA组、VMC+高剂量TFA组经CVB3诱导建立VMC小鼠模型,VMC+低剂量TFA组、VMC+高剂量TFA组分别以15、30mg/kgTFA灌胃,VMC组、对照组以等量生理盐水灌胃.CVB3感染后第11天超声检查小鼠心脏功能,处死小鼠后采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色和脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)染色观察心肌形态学变化和凋亡情况,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测心肌组织匀浆液中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测心肌组织中TLR4、NF-κB p65(p65)、磷酸化NF-κB p65(p-p65)、切割后半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Cleaved-Caspase-3)、切割后半胱氨酸蛋白酶-9(Cleaved-Caspase-9)表达.结果:与对照组比较,VMC组小鼠CVB3 mRNA、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、心肌细胞凋亡率、心肌组织中 IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、TLR4、p-p65/p65、Cleaved-Caspase-3 和 Cleaved-Caspase-9相对表达量明显升高,左室射血分数(LVEF)明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与VMC组比较,VMC+低剂量TFA组和VMC+高剂量 TFA 组 CVB3 mRNA、LVESD、心肌细胞凋亡率、心肌组织中 IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、TLR4、p-p65/p65、Cleaved-Caspase-3和Cleaved-Caspase-9相对表达量明显降低,LVEF明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);MC+高剂量TFA组CVB3 mRNA、IL-6、TNF-α水平,细胞凋亡率,TLR4、p-p65/p65和Cleaved-Caspase-9相对表达量明显低于VMC+低剂量TFA组,LVEF明显高于MC+低剂量TFA组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:TFA可减轻CVB3诱导的VMC小鼠心肌病理损伤,减少心肌炎症反应和细胞凋亡,其作用机制与TLR4/NF-κB信号通路、Cleaved-Caspase-3和Cleaved-Caspase-9表达的抑制有关.

目的:探讨生脉强心颗粒对慢性心力衰竭气阴两虚夹瘀证病人Toll样受体4(TLR4)/髓分化因子88(MyD88)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路及心肌纤维化的影响.方法:选取2021年10月—2022年10月黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院收治的慢性心力衰竭气阴两虚夹瘀证病人80例,采用随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,每组40例.对照组采用常规治疗方案,研究组在对照组基础上加用生脉强心颗粒治疗.比较两组临床疗效及不良反应发生率,观察两组治疗前后中医证候积分、TLR4、MyD88及NF-κB的mRNA及蛋白表达,心肌纤维化指标[Ⅲ型前胶原氨基末端肽(PⅢNP)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)]水平.结果:研究组临床疗效总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(90.0％与65.0％,P＜0.05).治疗后,研究组中医证候各项积分均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),TLR4、MyD88及NF-κB的mRNA及蛋白表达均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),血清TGF-β1、MMP-2及PⅢNP水平均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:生脉强心颗粒治疗慢性心力衰竭气阴两虚夹瘀证病人,可缓解临床症状,抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-KB信号通路及心肌纤维化进程,且安全性较好.

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA DNA损伤诱导的非编码RNA(LncRNA NORAD)通过miR-513b-5p/GREM1轴调节颅内动脉瘤血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖、迁移、侵袭和凋亡的机制.方法:采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法检测人颅内动脉瘤组织和正常组织中LncRNA NORAD、miR-513b-5p及GREM1表达.体外分离培养人VSMC,随机分为 对照组、LncRNA NORAD siRNA组、miR-513b-5p mimics 组、共转染(LncRNA NORAD siRNA+miR-513b-5p inhibitor)组、共转染阴性对照(LncRNA NORAD siRNA阴性对照+miR-513b-5p inhibitor阴性对照)组,分组转染后,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组细胞LncRNA NORAD、miR-513b-5p及GREM1 mRNA表达;采用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)和免疫荧光染色检测各组细胞增殖情况;采用Hoechst 33342染色和免疫荧光染色检测各组细胞凋亡情况;采用细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验检测各组细胞迁移、侵袭情况;采用免疫印记实验检测各组细胞上皮间充质转化(EMT)标志蛋白神经钙黏素(N-cadherin)、E-钙黏素(E-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)表达;采用双荧光素酶报告实验分析VSMC中LncRNA NORAD对miR-513b-5p、miR-513b-5p对GREM1的靶向调控.结果:与正常组织比较,颅内动脉瘤组织LncRNA NORAD、GREM1 mRNA表达明显升高(尸＜0.05),miR-513b-5p表达明显降低(P＜0.05).与对照组比较,LncRNA NORAD siRNA 组、miR-513b-5p mimics 组细胞 GREM1 mRNA表达、增殖率、Ki67 阳性率、迁移率、侵袭数及 N-cadherin、Vimentin 蛋白表达降低(P＜0.05),miR-513b-5p表达、凋亡率及Bax/Bcl-2、E-cadherin蛋白表达升高(P＜0.05);共转染阴性对照组各指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与LncRNA NORAD siRNA组比较,共转染组细胞GREM1 mRNA表达、增殖率、Ki67阳性率、迁移率、侵袭数及N-cadherin、Vimentin蛋白表达升高(P＜0.05),miR-513b-5p表达、凋亡率及Bax/Bcl-2、E-cadherin蛋白表达降低(P＜0.05).结论:敲低LncRNA NORAD可通过上调miR-513b-5p表达而降低GREM1表达,从而抑制VSMC增殖与侵袭迁移,并促使其凋亡.

Objective:This study aimed to establish a neural cell injury model in vitro by stimulating PC12 cells with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and to examine the effects of astragaloside Ⅳ on key targets using high-throughput sequence technology and bioinformatics analyses.Methods:PC12 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were treated with LPS at final concentrations of 0.25,0.5,0.75,1,and 1.25 mg/mL for 24 h.Cell morphology was evaluated,and cell survival rates were calculated.A neurocyte inflammatory model was established with LPS treatment,which reached a 50％cell survival rate.PC12 cells were treated with 0.01,0.1,1,10,or 100 μmol/L astragaloside Ⅳ for 24 h.The concentration of astragaloside Ⅳ that did not affect the cell survival rate was selected as the treatment group for subsequent experiments.NOS activity was detected by colorimetry;the expression levels of ERCC2,XRCC4,XRCC2,TNF-α,IL-1β,TLR4,NOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.The differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the groups were screened using a second-generation sequence(fold change＞2,P＜0.05)with the following KEGG enrichment analysis,RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of DEGs related to the IL-17 pathway in different groups of PC12 cells.Results:The viability of PC12 cells was not altered by treatment with 0.01,0.1,or 1 μmol/L astragaloside Ⅳ for 24 h(P＞0.05).However,after treatment with 0.5,0.75,1,or 1.25 mg/mL LPS for 24 h,the viability steadily decreased(P＜0.01).The mRNA and protein expression levels of ERCC2,XRCC4,XRCC2,TNF-α,IL-1β,TLR4,NOS,and COX-2 were significantly increased after PC12 cells were treated with 1 mg/mL LPS for 24 h(P＜0.01);however,these changes were reversed when PC12 cells were pretreated with 0.01,0.1,or 1 μmol/L astragaloside Ⅳ in PC12 cells and then treated with 1 mg/mL LPS for 24 h(P＜0.05).Second-generation sequencing revealed that 1026 genes were upregulated,while 1287 genes were downregulated.The DEGs were associated with autophagy,TNF-α,interleukin-17,MAPK,P53,Toll-like receptor,and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways.Furthermore,PC12 cells treated with a 1 mg/mL LPS for 24 h exhibited increased mRNA and protein expression of CCL2,CCL11,CCL7,MMP3,and MMP10,which arc associated with the IL-17 pathway.RT-qPCR and Western blotting analyses confirmed that the DEGs listed above corresponded to the sequence assay results.Conclusion:LPS can damage PC12 cells and cause inflammatory reactions in nerve cells and DNA damage.astragaloside Ⅳ plays an anti-inflammatory and DNA damage protective role and inhibits the IL-17 signaling pathway to exert a neuroprotective effect in vitro.

目的:探索犬尿氨酸代谢通路对牙周膜干细胞（periodontal ligament stem cells，PDLSC）成骨分化的影响，为研究牙周炎微环境对牙周组织再生的影响提供依据。方法:于2022年6至10月在南京大学医学院附属口腔医院牙周病科、口腔综合科收集19例牙周炎患者（牙周炎组）和19例牙周健康者（牙周健康组）的非刺激性唾液，采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测两组受试者唾液中犬尿氨酸及其代谢产物的含量。对牙周炎组和牙周健康组的牙龈组织通过免疫组化检测吲哚胺2，3-双加氧酶（indoleamine 2，3-dioxygenase，IDO）与芳香烃受体（aryl hydrocarbon receptor，AhR）的表达情况。收集因正畸治疗需要拔除的前磨牙5颗（来自2022年7至11月南京大学医学院附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科12~18岁的5例就诊患者），从离体牙上提取PDLSC，使用成骨诱导分化培养基（对照组）或含有20 μmol/L犬尿氨酸的成骨诱导分化培养基（犬尿氨酸组）培养7 d，对成骨诱导的PDLSC进行碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，ALP）染色和ALP活性测定。通过实时荧光定量PCR（real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR，RT-qPCR）检测对照组和犬尿氨酸组PDLSC成骨相关基因ALP、骨钙素、runt相关转录因子2（runt-related transcription factor 2，RUNX2）、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（collagen type-Ⅰ，COL-Ⅰ）mRNA表达和犬尿氨酸通路相关基因AhR、细胞色素P450家族成员（cytochrome P450 family，CYP）1A1、1B1 mRNA的表达。通过蛋白质印迹法检测对照组和犬尿氨酸组RUNX2、骨桥蛋白（osteopontin，OPN）和AhR蛋白表达情况。培养21 d时，用茜素红染色评估对照组和犬尿氨酸组PDLSC矿化情况。结果:牙周炎组唾液中犬尿氨酸［8.26（0，19.60）nmol/L］及犬尿喹啉酸［11.4（3.34，13.52）nmol/L］含量均显著高于牙周健康组［分别为0.75（0，4.25）、1.92（1.34，3.88）nmol/L］（ Z=-2.84， P=0.004； Z=-3.61， P<0.001）。牙周炎组牙龈组织中IDO（18.33±2.22）和AhR的表达（44.14±13.63）均显著高于牙周健康组（分别为12.21±2.87、15.39±5.14）（ t=3.38， P=0.015； t=3.42， P=0.027）。ALP活性测定显示，与对照组（329.30±19.29）相比，犬尿氨酸组PDLSC ALP活性（291.90±2.35）显著下降（ t=3.34， P=0.029）。RT-qPCR结果显示，犬尿氨酸组PDLSC ALP、骨钙素和RUNX2表达（0.43±0.12、0.78±0.09、0.66±0.10）均较对照组（1.02±0.22、1.00±0.11、1.00±0.01）显著下降（ t=4.71， P=0.003； t=3.23， P=0.018； t=6.73， P<0.001），AhR、CYP1A1 mRNA表达（1.43±0.07、1.65±0.10）均较对照组（1.01±0.12、1.01±0.14）显著升高（ t=5.23， P=0.006； t=6.59， P<0.001），两组间COL-Ⅰ、CYP1B1 mRNA表达差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。蛋白质印迹法结果显示，犬尿氨酸组OPN、RUNX2表达（0.82±0.05、0.87±0.03）与对照组（1.00±0.00、1.00±0.00）相比均显著下降（ t=6.79， P=0.003； t=7.95， P=0.001），AhR表达（1.24±0.14）显著高于对照组（1.00±0.00）（ t=3.04， P=0.039）。 结论:牙周炎患者犬尿氨酸通路异常激活，不仅能上调AhR相关通路，还能抑制PDLSC的成骨向分化。