苏北是中国传统的麻风区之一。民国时期，在中外多家慈善机构、政府及地方乡绅的支持下，如皋建有中国最大的麻风诊所之一，成为苏北麻风区唯一的大型麻风诊所。诊所于1924年正式对外营业，附属长老会医院，1927年因为内战中止运营。1933年5月，如皋麻风诊所重新开业。麻风专家海深德医师主持诊所工作，通过药物治疗、语言交流等方式，共计治疗约1 000名来自苏北各地的麻风病人。如皋麻风诊所的建立，为防止苏北麻风蔓延至上海作出突出贡献。1938年春，日寇侵占如皋，诊所关闭。

秦汉时期人们通过观察自然气候的规律，并结合天人感应的自然观和巫术观念认识疫病的成因，存在3种认识观念：异常气候致疫、人事政令致疫、鬼神致疫。在此影响下，也随之产生相应的应对措施。自然界异常的气候变化会导致疫病发生，受这种认识观的影响，中医从外感的角度认识和辨治疫病，《内经》中以风邪外袭认识并论治疠病（麻风病），《伤寒论》从外感论治疫病，本草著作记载有药物治疫辟疫的经验；君王施令有失则上干天和，造成天象气候异常，引发包含疫病在内的各种灾异，董仲舒天谴观认为灾异是上天对君王不施德政而降下的警示，基于人事政令致疫的认识，君王应对疫病常采取反思并纠正过失，施行德政的措施；鬼神作祟亦被认为是招致疫病的因素，人们通过祭祀神、傩礼逐疫的方式应对疫病。

Objective::To describe the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in China in 2020 and provide a basis for optimizing leprosy prevention and control strategies.Methods::We collected leprosy data from the Leprosy Management Information System in China, which includes data from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, except for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and then performed a descriptive analysis of these data.Results::A total of 406 newly detected leprosy cases were reported nationwide in China in 2020, giving an incidence rate of 0.29 per 1,000,000 population. Among the population with leprosy, the proportions of children younger than 15 years, multibacillary cases, and cases with grade 2 disability were 1.2%, 93.3%, and 17.7%, respectively. Southwest China was the region with the largest proportion of new leprosy cases (54.7%). There were 31 relapse leprosy cases reported in 2020. By the end of 2020, there were 1,893 registered leprosy cases reported nationwide, giving a prevalence rate of 1.35 per 1,000,000 population.Conclusion::Leprosy is at a low endemic level in China in terms of the prevalence and incidence rates. However, the geographical distribution of leprosy in China is unbalanced; leprosy is highly endemic in southwest China, including Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangdong, and Guangxi.

Introduction::Pseudoainhum (dactylolysis spontanea) is characterized by the development of a fibrous band around the digit that gradually leads to autoamputation. Digital pain associated with Pseudoainhum may not be evident in patients with neuropathic conditions.Case presentation::A 48 year old male with lepromatous leprosy, with resorption of digits, charcot joints and tropical ulcers was seen in the clinic. The forth digit of the left hand had a narrowing due to a fibrous band at the 2nd inter phalangeal joint with shiny tethering distal phalanx. He could not recall the duration of the ainhum. He was not suffering from any pain.Discussion::The current report describes a very rare association of pseudoainhum with leprosy. The case involved a 48-year-old man in the dermatology ward with lepromatous leprosy presenting with a pseudoainhum.Conclusion::This case highlights the possibility of delayed presentation of patients with pseudoainhum to physicians when the patients have underlying neuropathic conditions that prevent feeling finger pain and cause abnormal appearance of the digits, especially in leprosy.

Objective::Leprosy is an infectious diseases that remains a concerning public health issue. The infection of Mycobacterium leprae still exists at the county level in hard-to-access areas in southwest China. An accurate analysis of the prevalence of leprosy in various regions is necessary for the formulation of prevention and control strategies, so we conducted this study to describe the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in China in 2021 and provide essential information for future national leprosy control and prevention strategies. Methods::We collected epidemiological data of leprosy from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of China (except for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) provided by the Leprosy Management Information System. We performed a comparative analysis of the epidemiological features of patients with leprosy including age, sex, geographical distribution, and grade of disability.Results::In total, 374 newly detected leprosy cases were reported nationwide in China in 2021, giving an incidence rate of 0.27 per million population, which represented a decrease of 7.9% compared with 2020. Among the population with leprosy in 2021 that comprised 238 males (63.6%) and 136 females (36.4%), 1.9% (7/374) were children younger than 15 years, 92.8% (347/374) had multibacillary leprosy, and 18.2% (68/374) had grade 2 disability. More than half of the new leprosy cases (54.8%, 205/374) were distributed in southwest China. There were 33 relapsed leprosy cases reported in 2021. By the end of 2021, there were 1,897 registered leprosy cases reported nationwide, giving a prevalence rate of 1.35 per million population.Conclusion::The leprosy epidemic in China shows a downward trend in terms of the prevalence and incidence rates. However, the high prevalence of leprosy in southwest China is still a matter of concern.

在漫长的历史长河中，传染病不仅对公众健康造成了巨大的影响，甚至威胁到国家安全和社会经济的发展。新中国成立以来，我国高度重视传染病防治工作，取得了举世瞩目的成就。本文主要回顾了我国消灭天花，消除脊髓灰质炎、麻风病、丝虫病、新生儿破伤风、致盲性沙眼和疟疾的历史进程，并对未来有望被消除的传染病进行了展望。

浙江武康疗养院由始建于1887年的杭州广济麻风医院演变而来，是中华人民共和国成立后浙江省麻风病防治中心。现居疗养院的麻风病患(休养员)大多于20世纪60年代陆续进院。由于氨苯砜单疗法的局限和生活条件艰苦，休养员需要长期接受隔离治疗，从事集体生产。改革开放后，疗养院的医疗和生活水准得到显著改善，社会治疗取代隔离治疗，休养员逐渐融入社会；联合化疗的推广缩短了疗程，也大大降低了麻风畸残率；政府持续加大对麻风病人的财政补助，他们的生活来源基本得到保障；广泛普及的麻风防治知识也使麻风病人逐渐摆脱了被"污名化"的困境。在"后麻风时代"，武康疗养院由注重疾病治疗转向加强病人的心理建设，其职能从隔离防疫转向休憩养老，麻风病人的身份也从"病人"转变为"休养员"。这一系列的变迁反映了麻风防疫事业由防治向养老转变过程中的人文关怀与"去污名化"的价值引导。

梅毒螺旋体血清学试验是梅毒诊断的主要依据，梅毒螺旋体血清学试验生物学假阳性（简称梅毒螺旋体生物学假阳性）给临床诊疗、受检者身心健康及家庭、工作等造成严重影响。为及时甄别梅毒螺旋体生物学假阳性，正确解析梅毒螺旋体血清学试验的结果，中国麻风防治协会皮肤性病检验与诊断分会组织专家撰写该共识，着重阐述梅毒螺旋体生物学假阳性的定义、分类、产生假阳性的各种因素和持续时长，以及处理流程，旨在为梅毒螺旋体生物学假阳性判断和处理提供依据。

目的:探讨新发现麻风病患者2级畸残发生的影响因素。方法:回顾性研究1991—2019年深圳市宝安区慢性病防治院新发现的95例麻风病患者，建立非条件Logistic回归分析模型，分析麻风病2级畸残的影响因素。结果:非条件Logistic回归分析模型中纳入的变量有2条以上神经损害（ OR=9.58，95% CI: 1.89~48.43）、来源于二类地区（ OR=5.04，95% CI: 1.36~18.62）和家内接触史（ OR=8.89，95% CI: 2.01~39.39）是患者发生2级畸残的独立危险因素。建立风险模型为 （ X5为神经损害， X6为来源地区， X7为接触史），经拟合优度检验显示拟合较好，总的预测准确率为85.9%。 结论:多神经损害、来自二类地区和有家内接触史是麻风病患者发生2级畸残的独立危险因素，加强对高危人群的早期筛查和宣教有助于预防麻风2级畸残的发生。