Pendrin是一种电中性的离子交换转运蛋白，在气道上皮中主要表达于上皮细胞膜的顶端，负责氯离子(Cl －)的重吸收并交换碳酸氢根(HCO 3－)或硫氰酸根(SCN －)至管腔液，主要参与调节气道表面液体层(airway surface liquid，ASL)的酸碱度和厚度、黏蛋白分泌及气道防御过程，对于维持气道表面微环境的稳态具有重要意义。在支气管哮喘中，pendrin的表达明显上调，与支气管哮喘的重要病理过程如气道高反应性、中性粒细胞浸润和黏蛋白分泌增加密切相关。抑制pendrin的功能可能是支气管哮喘治疗的新靶点。

Background::Few studies have explored the impact of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate (PNT) on kidney function. This study aimed to evaluate the association of urinary levels of PNT with renal function as well as the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among the general population in the United States.Methods::This analysis included data from 13,373 adults (≥20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2016. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression, to explore the associations of urinary PNT with kidney function. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess the potentially non-linear relationships between PNT exposure and outcomes.Results::After traditional creatinine adjustment, perchlorate (P-traditional) was positively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (adjusted β: 2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.25 to 3.26; P < 0.001), and negatively associated with urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) (adjusted β: -0.05; 95% CI: -0.07 to -0.02; P = 0.001) in adjusted models. After both traditional and covariate-adjusted creatinine adjustment, urinary nitrate and thiocyanate were positively associated with eGFR (all P values <0.05), and negatively associated with ACR (all P values <0.05); higher nitrate or thiocyanate was associated with a lower risk of CKD (all P values <0.001). Moreover, there were L-shaped non-linear associations between nitrate, thiocyanate, and outcomes. In the adjusted models, for quartiles of PNT, statistically significant dose-response associations were observed in most relationships. Most results were consistent in the stratified and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions::Exposures to PNT might be associated with kidney function, indicating a potential beneficial effect of environmental PNT exposure (especially nitrate and thiocyanate) on the human kidney.

目的:优化芥子微波和恒温鼓风烘烤炮制工艺.方法:建立白芥子苷含量测定方法;按照析因设计试验法,通过CRITIC法计算外观性状、芥子碱硫氰酸盐和白芥子苷3个指标的权重系数,以综合评分为指标,考察微波火力、恒温鼓风烘烤温度、加热时间对炮制品的影响,选出2种炮制工艺的最佳炮制品;通过噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法考察最佳炮制品与传统文火清炒炮制品对HaCaT细胞活力的影响.结果:芥子微波大火加热2 min、150℃恒温鼓风烘烤30 min得到的炒芥子综合评分最高,芥子碱硫氰酸盐含量符合2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》要求;与传统炮制品比较,白芥子苷含量更高,在800μg/mL浓度时对HaCaT细胞均无明显毒性.结论:微波、恒温鼓风烘烤芥子炮制工艺合理、可行、易操作,可为炒芥子的规范化生产提供参考依据.

Nitrates,thiocyanates,and perchlorates are ubiquitous in the environment and can be introduced to the public through various dietary and environmental sources. Nitrates,thiocyanates,and perchlorates mainly affect health via the same mechanism. These toxins may act as endocrine disrupters and can result in decreased levels of thyroid hormones[1]. Animal studies have shown that exposure to nitrate alters the circulating concentrations of sex steroids;however,these studies are equivocal and contradictory. In rats,nitrite decreases serum testosterone levels[2],while in alligators,nitrate has been found to increase plasma testosterone levels[3]. Nevertheless,only few studies have evaluated whether exposure to these chemicals is associated with altered sex hormone levels in humans. The role of sex hormones in development and physical growth is critical in children and adolescents,as they are indispensable for the maintenance of muscle,bone,and metabolic homeostasis. Children may be vulnerable to environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals,particularly because of developmentally appropriate discrepancies in toxicokinetics,behavior,anatomy,and physiology. Hence,the present study aimed to estimate the relationship between nitrate,thiocyanate,perchlorate,and sex hormones in children aged 6-19 years from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) and to examine whether puberty-and age-sex differences,as well as body mass index (BMI),would modify these relationships.

目的:建立强心合剂HPLC指纹图谱并进行多成分含量测定,考察制备过程提取、浓缩、离心、灭菌工艺对强心合剂质量的影响.方法:以强心合剂的提取液、浓缩液、离心液、合剂(灭菌后)为供试品,采用HPLC法建立强心合剂制备过程4个不同工艺阶段的指纹图谱,并进行相似度评价与色谱峰指认,测定方中槲皮素-3-O-β-D葡萄糖7-O-β-D龙胆双糖苷、芥子碱硫氰酸盐、芥子酸、大车前苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、车前草苷D 6个成分的含量.结果:10批强心合剂制备过程中不同工艺阶段的图谱与对照指纹图谱相比,相似度均大于0.90,表明生产工艺较稳定,提取液中标定18个共有峰,而浓缩、离心、灭菌后增至21个;含量测定结果显示制备过程不同工艺阶段对强心合剂质量均有不同程度的影响,其中浓缩过程影响最大.结论:该研究针对不同制备过程对强心合剂质量的影响进行探讨分析,可为中药制备过程中整体质量评价的共性技术提供数据依据和理论参考.

目的 建立清宁散HPLC指纹图谱检测方法,并对其质量标志物(quality markers,Q-Marker)进行预测分析,为清宁散质量控制提供参考依据.方法 基于指纹图谱和网络药理学方法,通过响应面优化法确定清宁散基准样品的最佳制备工艺;采用HPLC法建立清宁散指纹图谱,对共有峰进行归属和指认;基于可行性和可追溯性进行活性成分筛选,通过网络药理学构建"成分-靶点-通路"网络,分析清宁散潜在的Q-Marker.结果 确定了清宁散中桑白皮、赤茯苓、甘草的最佳炮制工艺,清宁散HPLC指纹图谱共标定了 39个共有峰,通过对照品色谱及质谱,指认出18个共有成分,分别为1号峰异鼠李素、2号峰甘草苷、3号峰芥子碱硫氰酸盐、4号峰β-胡萝卜苷、10号峰松苓新酸、15号峰去氢土莫酸、16号峰甘草酸铵、19号峰槲皮素、20号峰绿原酸、21号峰甘草查耳酮A、22号峰桑黄酮G、24号峰京尼平苷酸、26号峰桑皮苷A、29号峰桑辛素、31号峰槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-7-O-β-D-龙胆双糖苷、34号峰毛蕊花糖苷、35号峰芹菜素、38号峰茯苓新酸A,相似度均大于0.93;经网络药理学分析,筛选出桑皮苷A、桑辛素、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-7-O-β-D-龙胆双糖苷、茯苓新酸A、京尼平苷酸、毛蕊花糖苷、甘草苷、甘草酸铵8个活性成分,进行"成分-靶点-通路"网络构建分析,富集的通路包括T细胞受体信号通路、白细胞介素-17(interleukin-17,IL-17)信号通路、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶-蛋白激酶B(phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase-protein kinase B,PI3K-Akt)信号通路等,根据连接度分析,初步预测8个活性成分可能通过调节相关信号通路达到清肺止咳的作用.结论 响应面优化结合指纹图谱和网络药理学分析预测清宁散治疗疾病的Q-Marker,所建立的方法操作简捷,结果准确,稳定性好,可用于清宁散的质量控制评价,也为进一步研究清宁散的作用机制提供参考.

目的 研究异硫氰酸苄酯(benzyl isothiocyanate,BITC)对小鼠U14宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响,基于转录组数据分析探讨细胞毒性机制.方法 MTT法检测BITC对U14细胞活性的影响,Hochest 33258和荧光倒置显微镜检测细胞核形态变化,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡,基于Illumina Novaseq 6000测序平台建立BITC(20 μmol·L-1)给药前后U14细胞转录组数据库,使用生物信息学分析手段对差异基因功能和信号通路进行富集分析.qRT-PCR和Western blot验证信号通路关键分子表达变化.结果 BITC呈时间和浓度依赖性抑制U14细胞的活性,阻滞细胞在G0/G,期,诱导了细胞凋亡,上调了Bax、CytC、cleaved caspase-9/3、下调了Bcl-2、cleaved caspase-7的表达量;通过转录组分析,差异基因主要富集在细胞周期、FOXO、p53、细胞凋亡等信号通路,qRT-PCR 或 Western blot 验证 p53、p21、Ire1 a、Atf4、CHOP、AMPK、FOXO1a 等分子表达上调,Cyclin D3,Cyclin E,Cdk2分子表达下调.结论 BITC阻滞U14细胞周期、通过caspase-3线粒体依赖途径和内质网应激途径诱导细胞凋亡,其机制与p53和AMPK-FOXO1a信号通路有密切关系.

目的:基于血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)/血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)信号通路探讨贝伐珠单抗对肠癌细胞生物学行为的影响及其机制.方法:将人肠癌细胞系SW480 细胞作为研究对象,采用不同浓度(0、25、50、100、200 μg/mL)的贝伐珠单抗处理SW480 细胞.采用CCK8 试剂盒检测细胞增殖水平;Transwell迁移侵袭实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力;An-nexin V-FITC双染法检测细胞凋亡情况;Western Blot法检测细胞内VEGF、VEGFR1 和VEGFR2 蛋白表达水平.比较不同浓度贝伐珠单抗对肠癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡及其对肠癌细胞内VEGF/VEGFR信号通路的影响.结果:贝伐珠单抗浓度依赖性地抑制肠癌细胞体外增殖、迁移和侵袭(P<0.05).贝伐珠单抗浓度依赖性地诱导了肠癌细胞的体外凋亡(P<0.05).随着贝伐珠单抗浓度的增加,VEGF的表达下调,VEGFR1 和VEGFR2 的表达上调(P<0.05).结论:贝伐珠单抗能抑制肠癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,诱导细胞凋亡,其机制可能是通过调控VEGF/VEGFR信号通路.

目的 建立强心合剂HPLC指纹图谱,并测定槲皮素-3-O-β-D葡萄糖 7-O-β-D龙胆双糖苷(QGG)、芥子碱硫氰酸盐、芥子酸、大车前苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、车前草苷D、毛蕊异黄酮、黄芩素、芒刺柄花素、白术内酯Ⅲ、甲基麦冬二氢高异黄酮B的含量.方法 该药物甲醇提取液的分析采用 Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);流动相乙腈-0.01 mol/L磷酸,梯度洗脱;体积流量 1.0 mL/min;柱温 40℃;检测波长 230 nm.结果 15 批样品指纹图谱中有 20 个共有峰,相似度均大于 0.930.11 种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 1),平均加样回收率 98.47%～102.85%,RSD 0.76%～1.74%.结论 该方法准确稳定,可用于强心合剂的质量控制.

During the analysis of benziamidazole-class irreversible proton pump inhibitors,an unusual mass spectral response with the mass-to-charge ratio at[M+10]+intrigued us,as it couldn't be assigned to any literature known relevant structure,intermediate or adduct ion.Moreover,this mysterious mass pattern of[M+10]+has been gradually observed by series of marketed proton pump inhibitors,viz.omeprazole,pantoprazole,lansoprazole and rabeprazole.All the previous attempts to isolate the corresponding component were unsuccessful.The investigation of present work addresses this kind of signal to a pyridinium thiocyanate mass spectral intermediate(10),which is the common fragment ion of series of labile aggregates.The origin of such aggregates can be traced to the reactive intermediates formed by acid-promoted degradation.These reactive intermediates tend to react with each other and give raise series of complicated aggregates systematically in a water/acetonitrile solution by electrospray ioniza-tion.The structure of the corresponding pyridinium thiocyanate species of omeprazole(10a)has been eventually characterized with the help of synthetic specimen(10a').Our structural proposal as well as its origin was supported by in situ nuclear magnetic resonance,chemical derivatization and colorimetric experiments.