目的 采用一测多评法同时测定木香顺气丸中的橙皮苷、厚朴酚、新橙皮苷、柚皮苷、芸香柚皮苷、和厚朴酚、去氢木香内酯、苍术素、木香烃内酯、甘草苷等成分.方法 色谱柱为SVEATM A585V3 C18 Opal(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-甲醇-0.1％磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL·min-1,苍术素的测定波长为336 nm、其余均为220 nm.以橙皮苷为参照物,计算其他9种组分的相对校正因子并测得含量.结果 10组分在各自试验浓度范围内的线性关系良好(r≥0.9994),平均加样回收率为97.2％～102.5％(n=6),RSD为1.10％～2.00％;与外标法比较,一测多评法的结果一致.结论 所用方法简单、准确,适用于木香顺气丸的质量控制.

目的 制备经典名方沙参麦冬汤颗粒,并建立沙参麦冬汤颗粒的质量标准.方法 以熵权法及正交实验优选沙参麦冬汤回流提取工艺,与古法煎煮工艺进行对比,并进一步筛选颗粒的成型工艺.采用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatogra-phy,HPLC)建立沙参麦冬汤颗粒的指纹图谱和甘草苷、甘草酸的含量测定方法,并考察基准样品(煎液、冻干粉)、颗粒剂生产各环节(提取液、中间体、成品)指纹图谱的相似度和甘草苷的转移率.采用薄层色谱法(thin layer chromatography,TLC)对方中麦冬、桑叶、天花粉、白扁豆、甘草 5味药材进行鉴别.结果 优化的回流提取工艺为浸泡 0h,提取两次,加水量分别为 10、8 倍,提取时间分别为 2.0、1.5 h;成型工艺为以 90%乙醇为润湿剂,加入 20%的糊精制软材,经 16 目筛挤压制粒,60℃下干燥,过 80 筛整粒制备沙参麦冬汤颗粒.10批沙参麦冬汤颗粒、基准样品与颗粒生产各环节的指纹谱图相似度均大于 0.90;基准煎液、冻干粉、提取液、中间体、成品的甘草苷转移率分别为75.60%、75.24%、91.67%、90.22%、73.57%.5味中药的TLC特征斑点清晰,且阴性无干扰.结论 指纹图谱相似度结果表明,各批次、各生产环节沙参麦冬汤颗粒的质量相对稳定,且与基准样品保持一致.经回流提取、浓缩、干燥、制粒后,甘草苷的转移率有所下降,颗粒的甘草苷转移率与原方汤剂的较为接近.本研究所建立的沙参麦冬汤颗粒制备工艺稳定可靠,质量标准检测方法简便可行,重复性好,以期为沙参麦冬汤颗粒的规模生产及其质量控制提供参考.

桃核承气汤是泻热逐瘀的经典名方，具有抗炎、免疫调节、改善血液流变学、改善肾间质纤维化等药理作用，临床常用于治疗内科、骨科及妇产科疾病。总结分析近年桃核承气汤化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究文献，在此基础上参照质量标志物（Q-marker）“五原则”对其Q-marker进行预测分析，认为苦杏仁苷、肉桂酸、桂皮醛、大黄酸、大黄素、甘草酸及甘草苷可作为该方的Q-marker。

目的:建立超高效液相色谱法同时测定小儿金翘颗粒中绿原酸、葛根素、连翘酯苷A、甘草苷、苦参碱、柴胡皂苷A、柴胡皂苷D、连翘苷、甘草酸铵、靛玉红10种成分含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLCTMC18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm，1.7 μm)；流动相为乙腈-0.05%磷酸水溶液，梯度洗脱，流速0.2 ml/min；检测波长250 nm；柱温30 ℃；进样量2 μl。结果:绿原酸、葛根素、连翘酯苷A、甘草苷、苦参碱、柴胡皂苷A、柴胡皂苷D、连翘苷、甘草酸铵、靛玉红的线性范围分别为0.789 5~15.793 4 μg ( r=0.999 6)、0.571 8~11.445 6 μg( r=0.999 4)、0.110 7~2.214 7 μg( r=0.999 3)、0.047 5~0.950 5 μg( r=0.999 2)、0.269 8~5.395 8 μg( r=0.999 7)、0.085 1~1.703 9 μg( r=0.999 5)、0.105 7~2.113 0 μg( r=0.999 4)、0.065 6~1.312 1 μg( r=0.999 3)、0.080 5~1.611 2 μg( r=0.999 5)、0.057 7~1.153 3 μg( r=0.999 4)；定量限分别为8.322、9.023、9.857、4.583、6.872、7.844、8.643、5.895、7.568、5.251 μg/ml；平均加样回收率分别为99.11%、98.87%、97.83%、98.10%、98.17%、98.30%、98.10%、98.14%、97.99%、98.02% ( RSD<2.0%)；精密度、重复性、稳定性试验的 RSD<2.0%。 结论:所建立的多成分含量测定方法快捷、准确、重复性好，可用于小儿金翘颗粒的质量控制。

目的:优选滋阴清骨丸的最佳提取工艺。方法:以溶剂量、提取时间、浸泡时间为影响因素，以知母皂苷BⅡ、芍药苷、毛蕊异黄酮苷、甘草苷各成分含量及干浸膏得率的总评归一值（OD值）为评价指标，采用中心组合设计-响应面法优选滋阴清骨丸的最佳提取工艺。结果:滋阴清骨丸最佳提取工艺为：提取时间115 min，浸泡时间26 min，溶剂量10倍，提取2次。结论:优化的提取工艺合理、稳定、可靠，可为滋阴清骨丸的提取工艺及进一步成型工艺提供依据。

目的:探讨甘草苷对卒中后抑郁(post-stroke depression, PSD)大鼠杏仁核细胞凋亡及凋亡相关因子Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响。方法:将60只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、卒中组、PSD组、西酞普兰组、甘草苷组及生理盐水对照组，每组10只。采用线栓法闭塞大脑中动脉诱导局灶性脑缺血，加以慢性不可预见的温和应激刺激和孤养法建立PSD模型。在模型制作后每周同一时间对各组大鼠进行体重测量和抑郁行为学评价，包括蔗糖水实验及旷场实验。模型制作后6周时利用TUNEL染色法检测杏仁核细胞凋亡，应用免疫荧光染色法检测杏仁核Bax和Bcl-2表达，应用蛋白质印迹分析检测杏仁核Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达。结果:与甘草苷组、西酞普兰组和正常对照组比较，卒中组、PSD组和生理盐水对照组大鼠体重和蔗糖溶液偏好度降低，旷场实验水平运动及垂直运动减少，差异有统计学意义( P均<0.01)。TUNEL染色结果显示，与甘草苷组、西酞普兰组及正常对照组比较，卒中组、PSD组及生理盐水对照组凋亡细胞明显增多，差异有统计学意义( P均<0.01)。免疫荧光染色结果显示，与甘草苷组、西酞普兰组及正常对照组比较，卒中组、PSD组及生理盐水对照组杏仁核Bcl-2免疫阳性细胞数明显减少，Bax免疫阳性细胞数明显增多，差异有统计学意义( P均<0.01)。蛋白质印迹分析显示，与甘草苷组及西酞普兰组比较，卒中组、PSD组及生理盐水对照组杏仁核Bcl-2蛋白表达明显减少，而Bax蛋白表达明显增多，差异有统计学意义( P均<0.01)。 结论:甘草苷能减轻PSD症状，其机制可能与抑制杏仁核细胞凋亡及调节凋亡相关因子的表达有关。

目的:建立超高效液相色谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography, UPLC)波长切换法同时测定二母宁嗽丸中栀子苷、橙皮苷、黄芩苷、甘草苷、甘草次酸、甘草酸铵和五味子醇甲的含量。方法:采用Phenomenex Kinetex C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×100 mm，2.7 μm)，以甲醇(A)-0.05%磷酸溶液(B)为流动相，梯度洗脱，流速0.6 ml/min；栀子苷、甘草苷、甘草酸铵、甘草次酸检测波长为237 nm，黄芩苷、橙皮苷检测波长为280 nm，五味子醇甲检测波长为250 nm；柱温35 ℃，进样量2 μl。结果:栀子苷、橙皮苷、黄芩苷、甘草苷、甘草次酸、甘草酸铵和五味子醇甲分别在10.294～205.888、4.552～91.036、6.212～124.248、8.974～179.484、2.629～52.580、5.371～107.416、8.905～178.104 ng范围内线性关系良好( r为0.999 6～0.999 9)；平均加样回收率分别为98.47%、99.04%、100.76%、98.27%、100.50%、98.79%、99.37%( RSD<2.0%， n＝6)；精密度、重复性、稳定性(24 h)试验的 RSD<2.0%( n＝6)。 结论:该方法简单、有效、结果准确，可用于二母宁嗽丸中上述7个成分含量的同时测定。

Objective::Altered bile acid transformation induces low-grade chronic inflammation and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Liquiritincan regulate bile acid metabolism and anti-inflammatory properties; however, limited information is available regarding its therapeutic potential in PCOS.Methods::Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups ( n = 6 mice/group): the control, letrozole or dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS groups, PCOS + 20 mg/kg liquiritin group, and control + liquiritin groups. After 21 days of treatment, the mice were euthanized, and the associated metabolism indications were investigated. Ovarian histological examinations were performed, and serum hormone concentration was measured. The expression of key genes involved in steroid hormone synthesis, ovarian follicle development, and ovulation was assessed. Results::Liquiritin reduced fasting blood glucose levels and increased insulin sensitivity compared to the PCOS group. Liquiritin also significantly decreased serum levels of total testosterone ( P < 0.001) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ( P < 0.05) in the PCOS group. Histomorphological inspection of ovaries from the liquiritin group revealed fewer cystic dilated follicles than in the PCOS group. Moreover, liquiritinsignificantly ( P < 0.01) decreased Cyp17a1, Cyp19a1, Fshr, Hsd3b2, Runx2, and Ccn2 mRNA expression compared to letrozole-induced PCOS. Conclusion::Liquiritin may be safe and helpful in ameliorating PCOS-associated hyperandrogenemia and hyperglycemia. However, clinical trials investigating different liquiritin dosages are needed to confirm these findings.

目的 基于Janus激酶2(JAK2)/信号转导及转录激活蛋白3(STAT3)信号通路研究甘草苷(LIQ)对胃癌荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的调节作用及机制.方法 皮下注射胃癌细胞MFC建立小鼠胃癌荷瘤模型,将造模成功的小鼠分为模型组(Model组)、低剂量LIQ组(LIQ-L组,20 mg/kg)、高剂量LIQ组(LIQ-H组,40 mg/kg)、高剂量LIQ+JAK2激活剂香豆霉素A1组(LIQ-H+香豆霉素A1组,40 mg/kg LIQ+1 mg/kg香豆霉素A1),每组12只;另取12只不造模小鼠设为正常组(Normal组).各组小鼠灌胃/腹腔注射相应药物或生理盐水,每日给药1次,连续14 d.末次给药后,测定小鼠胃癌肿瘤的体积、质量以及脏器指数;检测外周血中CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞百分率;观察胃癌肿瘤组织病理形态学变化;检测胃癌肿瘤组织中JAK2/STAT3信号通路相关蛋白和白细胞介素6(IL-6)蛋白表达水平.结果 与Normal组相比,Model组小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数、外周血中CD8+T淋巴细胞百分率均显著升高(P＜0.05),外周血中CD4+T淋巴细胞百分率显著降低(P＜0.05).与Model组相比,LIQ-L组、LIQ-H组小鼠上述指标均显著逆转(P＜0.05),胃癌肿瘤的体积、质量以及肿瘤组织中JAK2、STAT3蛋白的磷酸化水平和IL-6蛋白的表达水平均显著降低(P＜0.05),且LIQ的作用具有剂量依赖性(P＜0.05);肿瘤组织细胞出现不同程度的排列疏松、空泡化、分布不均匀等情况.加入JAK2激活剂香豆霉素A1减弱了LIQ对胃癌荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的改善作用和对胃癌肿瘤的抑制作用(P＜0.05).结论 LIQ可通过抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路,改善胃癌荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能,从而发挥抗肿瘤作用.

Objective:To investigate the plasma pharmacokinetics of six representative components(nodakenin,ost-hole,5-O-methylvisammioside,ferulic acid,liquiritigenin,and liquiritin),which were the ingredients of Qianghuo Shengshi Decoction(QSD)granules,in normal and rheumatoid arthritis(RA)rats administrated QSD granules intragastrically.Methods:A rapid and accurate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrome-try(LC-MS/MS)method was developed for the simultaneous determination of six components in plasma,and it showed a good specificity,linearity,intra-day and inter-day precision,intra-day and inter-day accuracy,extraction recovery,stability,and the less matrix effect.Results:The validated LC-MS/MS method was successfully used to compare the plasma pharmacokinetics of six ingredients between normal and RA rats after intragastrical administration of QSD granules and dif-ferences in the pharmacokinetics were found in two types of rats.The absorption rate in the RA rats was lower for nodakenin,osthole,5-O-methylvisammioside,liquiritigenin and liquiritin than in the normal group,while the absorption rate of ferulic acid remained constant in two groups.In comparison with the normal rats,the exposure concentration of nodakenin was higher and that of other five components except for nodakenin was lower under pathological conditions.Additionally,the absorptive amount of nodakenin,osthole,5-O-methylvisammioside and liquiritin was increased and that of ferulic acid and liquiritigenin was reduced in the RA rats than in the normal rats.Compared with the normal rats,the reten-tion time of nodakenin,ferulic acid and liquiritin was reduced in vivo,whereas the retention time of ost-hole,5-O-methylvisammioside and liquiritigenin was raised in the body for the RA rats.In contrast to the normal rats,the data demonstrated an increase in the elimination velocity of nodakenin and a decrease in the elimination velocity of the other five components except for nodakenin in the pathological state.Conclusion:This study showed that the pharmacokinetic behavior of the six components,nodakenin,ost-hole,5-O-methylvisammioside,ferulic acid,liquiritigenin,and liquiritin,is different in vivo between nor-mal and pathological states of rats,and this research provided the necessary experimental data to explain the pharmacokinetics of QSD granules in both normal and pathological states and provide some references for its clinical application at some level.